Evidencia fonológica para los pies métricos trisilábicos

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Publicado 24-10-2016

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Violeta Martínez-Paricio
Norwegian University of Science and Technology
Noruega
Biografía
Vol 43 (2016), Artigos, páxinas 299-328
DOI https://doi.org/10.15304/verba.43.2506
Recibido: 01-04-2015 Aceptado: 10-06-2015 Publicado: 24-10-2016
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En este trabajo se estudian las principales propiedades lingüísticas del pie métrico, unidad fonológica entre la sílaba y la palabra prosódica, indispensable para dar cuenta de la posición del acento y de otros fenómenos fonológicos en las lenguas naturales. Aunque suele considerarse que los pies métricos son máximamente bisílabos, en este artículo se propone que en determinadas lenguas los pies pueden ser máximamente trisilábicos, siempre y cuando surjan de la adjunción de una sílaba átona a otro pie. Para sustentar nuestra propuesta teórica, se presentan diversos argumentos y datos lingüísticos a favor de la inclusión de los pies trisilábicos en el repertorio de posibles estructuras lingüísticas, entre los que destacan: (i) varios casos de alargamiento vocálico en dos lenguas aborígenes australianas, (ii) la distribución de consonantes oclusivas sordas aspiradas y sin aspirar en inglés y (iii) la asignación de acento en la lengua esquimal chugach alutiiq yupik. Se demuestra que, más allá de permitir explicar patrones de acentuación ternaria poco frecuentes, estas estructuras métricas resultan óptimas para dar cuenta de sutiles diferencias entre tipos de sílabas fuertes y sílabas débiles, documentadas en algunas lenguas del mundo.

Palabras chave

fonología métrica, acento rítmico, posiciones débiles y fuertes, jerarquía prosódica
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