Novas prácticas lingüísticas dos falantes urbanos mozos de Londres e Madrid. Un estudo contrastivo baseado en corpus
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Londres e Madrid convertéronse a finais do século xx en centros urbanos cunha proporción moi elevada de poboación nova e inmigrante. Isto tivo un grande impacto na súa paisaxe lingüística coa creación dun multietnolecto. Como resultado, xurdiu en Londres unha nova variedade que se coñece como “Inglés Multicultural de Londres”. No caso de Madrid, o conglomerado de falantes procedentes de diversas minorías lingüísticas non é tan visible como en Londres, aínda que tamén ten a súa incidencia na variedade do español empregado. Tomando o anterior como punto de partida, neste traballo prestarase atención aos efectos do contacto de linguas, así como a casos de cambio e innovación lingüística. Analizamos mostras tomadas de diversos corpus, tales como COLT (The Bergen Corpus of London Teenage Language) e LEC (London English Corpus) para o inglés, e COLAm (Corpus Oral de Lenguaje Adolescente de Madrid), para o español. Os resultados indican que no caso do Inglés Multicultural de Londres existen moitos termos procedentes do inglés caribeño, así como do árabe, da xerga coloquial americana e tamén do español, o italiano e o francés. No caso do Español de Madrid obsérvanse vocábulos doutras variedades do español, así como do inglés, e de falantes pertencentes a sectores marxinados da sociedade. Ademais disto, atopamos exemplos de innovación nos denominados verbos citativos, así como nos intensificadores, retrousos invariantes, vocativos, formacións mutiladas, etc. Este traballo confirma que o contacto lingüístico e unha poboación nova e etnicamente diversa constitúen a perfecta combinación para a innovación e o cambio lingüístico.
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