Main Article Content

Mercedes González Vázquez
Universidade de Vigo
Spain
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9439-7886
Vol 14 (2022): Estudos de Lingüística Galega, Pescuda, pages 33
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15304/elg.14.7767
Submitted: 14-06-2021 Accepted: 10-01-2022 Published: 17-06-2022
Copyright How to Cite

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to present an overview of the Galician indirect evidential system, in particular, the inferential and reportative indirect sources. After discussing the previous studies on disque and seica forms, we analyze the two evidential meanings using examples of the set of markers, and we present cases in which the source is indistinct between the two previous canonical values, the so-called “indirect-indifferent meaning” We demonstrate that evidential expressions act as polyfunctional pragmatic units transmitting diverse social nuances related to negative politeness strategies (attenuation), epistemic authority and the establishment of a common information ground shared between speaker and listener.

Cited by

Article Details

References

CORGA: Corpus of reference of Galician language. http://corpus.cirp.es/corga/

Álvarez, Rosario, Xosé L. Regueira & Henrique Monteagudo. 1986. Gramática galega. Vigo: Galaxia.

Álvarez, Rosario & Xosé Xove. 2002. Gramática da Lingua Galega. Vigo: Galaxia.

Ahn, Mikyung & Foong H. Yap. 2015. Evidentiality in interaction: A pragmatic analysis of Korean hearsay evidential. Studies in Language 39 (1), 46-84. https://doi.org/10.1075/sl.39.1.03ahn

Ahn, Mikyung. 2016. Emotion in interaction. A diachronic and pragmatic analysis of the sentence-final particle -tani in Korean. Studies in Language 40 (4), 872-893. https://doi.org/10.1075/sl.40.4.04ahn

Aikhenvald, Alexandra. 2004. Evidentiality. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Aikhenvald, Alexandra. 2014. The grammar of knowledge: a cross-linguistic view of evidentials and the expression of information source. En Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald & Robert M.W. Dixon, The Grammar of Knowledge: a cross-linguistic typology. 1-51. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Anderson, Lloyd B. 1986. Evidentials, Paths of Change, and Mental Maps: Typologically Regular Asymmetries. En Wallace Chafe & Johanna Nichols (eds.), Evidentiality: The Linguistic Coding of Epistemology. 273-312. Norwood, New Jersey: Ablex Publishing Corporation.

Bermúdez, Fernando. 2005. Evidencialidad: La codificación lingüística del punto de vista. Estocolmo: Universidad de Estocolmo.

Boye, Kasper. 2012. Epistemic meaning: A crosslinguistic and functional-cognitive study. (Empirical Approaches to Language Typology 43). Berlín: Mouton de Gruyter.

Boye, Kasper & Peter Harder. 2009. Evidentiality. Linguistic categories and grammaticalization. Functions of Language 16(1), 9-43. https://doi.org/10.1075/fol.16.1.03boy

Brown, Penelope & Stephen C. Levinson. 1987. Politeness: Some universals in language usage. New York: Cambridge UniversityPress.

Carretero, Marta. 2004. The role of evidentiality and epistemic modality in three English spoken texts from legal proceedings. En Juana Marín-Arrese (ed.), Perspectives on Evidentiality and Epistemic Modality. 25-62. Madrid: Editorial Complutense.

Casseb-Galvão, Vânia Cristina. 2001. Evidencialidade e gramaticalização no português do Brasil: os usos da expressão diz que. São Paulo: Universidade Estadual Paulista. [Tese de doutoramento].

Chafe, Wallace. 1986. Evidentiality in English conversation and academic writing. En Wallace Chafe & John Nichols (eds.), Evidentiality: The linguistic coding of epistemology. 261-272. Norwood, NJ: Ablex

Cidrás, Francisco. 2016. Why do they say ‘I know’ when they mean ‘I really don’t know’? Semantic change and constructionalization of Galician particle seica. 1-21. [Manuscrito inédito].

Cornillie, Bert. 2009. Evidentiality and epistemic modality: On the close relationship between two different categories. Functions of Language 16 (1), 44-62. https://doi.org/10.1075/fol.16.1.04cor

Cornillie, Bert, Juana Marín-Arrese & Björn Wiemer. 2015. Evidentiality and the semantics-pragmatics interface. An introduction. Belgian Journal of Linguistics 29, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1075/bjl.29.001int

Cornillie, Bert & Pedro Gras. 2015. On the interactional dimensions of evidentials: the case of the Spanish evidential discourse markers. Discourse Studies 17 (2), 141-161. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461445614564518

Clift, Rebecca. 2006. Indexing stance: reported speech as an interactional evidential. Journal of SocioLinguistics 10/5, 569-595. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9841.2006.00296.x

Cruschina, Silvio & Eva-Maria Remberger. 2008. Hearsay and reported speech. Evidentiality in Romance. En Paola Benincà, Federico Damonte & Nicoletta Penello (eds.), Selected Proceedings of the 34th Incontro di Grammatica Generativa 33. 95-116. Padova: Unipress Padova.

De Haan, Ferdinand. 2005. Encoding speaker perspective: Evidentials. En Zygmunt Frajzyngier, Adam Hodges & David S. Rood (eds.), Linguistic diversity and language theories. 379-397. Amsterdam: Benjamins.

De la Mora, Juliana & Ricardo Maldonado. 2015. Dizque: Epistemics blurring evidentials in Mexican Spanish. Journal of Pragmatics 85, 168-180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2015.03.019

DeLancey, Scott. 2001. The mirative and evidentiality. Journal of Pragmatics 33 (3), 369-382.

Dendale, Patrick & Lilfacchiiane Tasmowski. 2001. Introduction: evidentiality and related notions. Journal of Pragmatics 33 (3), 339-348. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-2166(00)00005-9

Du Bois, John. 2007. The Stance Triangle. En Robert Englebretson (ed.), Stancetaking in Discourse: Subjectivity, Evaluation, Interaction. 139-182. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. https://doi.org/10.1075/pbns.164.07du

Ferreiro, Manuel. 2001. Gramática histórica galega. II. Lexicoloxía. Santiago de Compostela: Laiovento.

Fox, Barbara. 2011. Evidentiality: Authority, Responsibility, and Entitlement in English Conversation. Journal of Linguistic Anthropology 11 (2), 167-192. https://www.jstor.org/stable/43103970

González Vázquez, Mercedes. 1998. La interacción de la modalidad epistémica y la evidencialidad citativa desde un punto de vista tipológico. Ibero-Americana Pragensia. XXXII, 43-61.

González Vázquez, Mercedes. 2006. Las fuentes de la información: tipología, semántica y pragmática de la evidencialidad. Vigo: Universidade de Vigo.

Grzech, Karolina. 2021. Using discourse markers to negotiate epistemic stance: A view from situated language use. Journal of Pragmatics 177 (1), 208-223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2021.02.003

Hengeveld, Kees & Marize Mattos Dall’Aglio Hattnher. 2015. Four types of evidentiality in the native languages of Brazil. Linguistics 53(3), 479-524. https://doi.org/10.1515/ling-2015-0010

Heritage, John. 2012. Epistemics in action: action formation and territories of knowledge. Research on Language & Social Interaction 45 (1), 1-29. https://doi.org/10.1080/08351813.2012.646684

Hintz, Daniel & Diane Hintz. 2017. The evidential category of mutual knowledge in Quechua. Lingua 186, 209-228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2014.07.014

Izquierdo Alegría, Dámaso. 2019. ¿Qué tipo de información codifica realmente un evidencial? Propuesta de una distinción conceptual entre fuente, base y modo de acceso para el reconocimiento de unidades evidenciales. Estudios filológicos 63, 211-236.

Kamio, Akio. 1997. Territory of Information. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

Lazard, Gilles. 1999. Mirativity, evidentiality, mediativity, or other? Linguistic Tipology 3, 91-101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2014.07.014

Mansfield, John. 2019. Epistemic authority and sociolinguistic stance in an Australian Aboriginal language. Open Linguistics 5, 25-48. https://doi.org/10.1515/opli-2019-0002

Marín Arrese, Juana. 2013. Stance taking and intersubjectivity in the Iraq Inquiry: Blair vs. Brown. En Juana I. Marín-Arrese, Marta Carretero, Jorge Arús Hita & Johan van der Auwera (eds.): English Modality: Core, Periphery and Evidentiality. 410-445. Berlín & Boston: Mouton De Gruyter.

Marín Arrese, Juana. 2015. Epistemicity and Stance: A Cross-linguistic Study of Epistemic Stance Strategies in Journalistic Discourse in English and Spanish. A Cross-linguistic Perspective. Discourse Studies 17 (2). 210-225. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461445614564523

Mushin, Ilana. 2001. Evidentiality and Epistemological Stance: Narrative Retelling. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

Mushin, Ilana. 2013. Making knowledge visible in discourse: implications for the study of linguistic evidentiality. Discourse Studies 15(5), 627-645. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461445613501447

Nuyts, Jan. 2017. Evidentiality reconsidered. En Juana I. Marín Arrese, Gerdra Haßler & Marta Carretero (eds.), Evidentiality revisited: cognitive grammar, functional and discourse-pragmatic perspectives. 57-83. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

Olbertz, Hella. 2007. Dizque in Mexican Spanish: the subjectification of reportive meaning. Rivista di Linguistica 19 (1), 151-172.

Olbertz, Hella. & Marize Mattos Dall’Aglio Hattnher. 2018. On objective and subjective epistemic modality again. Evidence from Portuguese and Spanish modal auxiliaries. En Evelien Keizer & Hella Olbertz (eds.), Recent Developments in Functional Discourse Grammar. 131-168. Amsterdam/ Philadelphia: John Benjamins.

Plungian, Vladimir. 2001. The place of evidentiality within the universal grammatical space. Journal of Pragmatics 33, 349-357. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-2166(00)00006-0

Reyes, Graciela. 1993. Procedimientos de cita: estilo directo y estilo indirecto. Madrid: Arco Libros.

Rodríguez Ramalle, Teresa. 2015. Información contextual, estructura discursiva y modalidad evidencial en la selección de las locuciones consecutivas del español. Spanish in Context 12 (1), 80-101. https://doi.org/10.1075/sic.12.1.05rod

Rosales Sequeiros, Xosé. 2000. Uso interpretativo de la lengua: disque y seica en lengua gallega. En Francisco Ruiz de Mendoza Ibáñez (coord.), Panorama actual de la lingüística aplicada. Conocimiento, procesamiento y uso del lenguaje, vol. I. 375-385. Logroño: Universidad de la Rioja.

Rosales Sequeiros, Xosé. 2005. Current issues in Galician Semantics and Pragmatics. Lincom Studies in Romance Linguistics 45. Muenchen: Lincom Europa.

Sanromán Vilas, Begoña. 2020. Do evidential markers always convey epistemic values? A look into three Ibero Romance reportatives. Lingua 238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2020.102832

Sousa, Xulio. 2012. Estrategias evidenciales y expresión de la fuente de información en gallego: los marcadores gramaticalizados. En Xulio Viejo Fernández (ed.), Estudios sobre variación sintáctica peninsular. Anexos de Revista de Filoloxía Asturiana III. 75-98. Oviedo: Universidad de Oviedo.

Sperber, Dan, Fabrice Clément, Christophe Heintz, Olivier Mascaro, Hugo Mercier, Gloria Origgi & Deirdre Wilson. 2010. Epistemic vigilance. Mind and Language 25(4), 359-393.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0017.2010.01394.x

Squartini, Mario. 2004. Disentangling evidentiality and epistemic modality in Romance. Lingua 114, 873-895.

Squartini, Mario. 2008. Lexical vs. grammatical evidentiality in French and Italian. Linguistics 46(5), 917-947. https://doi.org/10.1515/LING.2008.030

Stivers, Tania, Lorenza Mondada & Jakob Steensig. 2011. The morality of knowledge in conversation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Travis, Catherine. 2006. Dizque: a Colombian evidentiality strategy. Linguistics 44, 1269-1297. https://doi.org/10.1515/LING.2006.041

Van der Auwera, Johan & Vladimir Plungian. 1998. On modality’s semantic map. Linguistic Typology 2, 79-124. https://doi.org/10.1515/lity.1998.2.1.79

Wiemer, Björn. 2006. Grammatical evidentiality in Lithuanian (A typological assessment). Baltistica 36, 33-49.

Wiemer, Björn & Katarina Stathi. 2010. The database of evidential markers in European languages. A bird’s eye view of the conception of the database (the template and problems hidden beneath it). Language Typology and Universals Sprachtypologie und Universalien forschung 63 (4), 275-289.

Willett, Tomas. 1988. A crosslinguistic survey of the grammaticization of evidentiality. Studies in Language 12 (1), 51-97. https://doi.org/10.1075/sl.12.1.04wil