Triage and Disaster Ethics
Main Article Content
Abstract
This article discusses some implications of triage practices for disaster ethics. The technical centrality of the quantification in the algorithmic and numerical triage models is considered and the normative prevalence of consequentialist criteria is emphasized, even when the latter have to be adjusted to multi-principle systems. Finally, it is suggested that an ethical conception of disasters requires a complex and comprehensive perspective of disaster management, which is not limited to the immediate response to them and which exceeds and integrates the principles of bioethics and the indispensable consequentialist criteria in triage decisions.
Keywords:
Article Details
References
Annas, George (2010). Worst Case Bioethics. Death, Disaster, and Public Health. Oxford, Oxford University Press.
Arcos, Pedro; Castro, Rafael; Cuartas, Tatiana; et al. (2016). “The Development and Features of the Spanish Prehospital Advanced Triage Method (META) for Mass Casualty Incidents.” Scan-dinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine, 24, 63. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13049-016-0255-y
Barilan, Y. Michael; Brusa, Margherita; Halperin, Pinchas. (2014). “Triage in Disaster Medicine: Ethical Strategies in Various Scenarios.” (pp. 49-63). En Disaster Bioethics: Normative Issues When Nothing is Normal. Dónal P. O’Mathúna, Bert Gordjin, Mike Clarke (eds.), Dordrecht, Springer. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-3864-5_4
Barrett, Drue H.; Ortmann, Leonard W.; Dawson, Angus; Saenz, Carla; Reis, Andreas; Bolan, Gail (eds.). (2016). Public Health Ethics: Cases Spanning the Globe, Dordrecht, Springer.
Bazyar, Jafar; Farrokhi, Mehrdad; Khankeh, Hamidreza. (2019). “Triage Systems in Mass Casualty Incidents and Disasters: A Review Study with A Worldwide Approach.” Open Access Macedo-nian Journal of Medical Sciences, Vol. 7, nº 3, pp. 482-494. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2019.119
Bazyar, Jafar; Farrokhi, Mehrdad; Salari, Amir; Khankeh, Hamidreza. (2020). “The Principles of Triage in Emergencies and Disasters: A Systematic Review.” Prehospital and Disaster Medi-cine, Vol. 35, nº 3, pp. 305-313. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049023X20000291
Beauchamp, Tom L.; Childress, James F. (2019). Principles of Biomedical Ethics, 8th ed. New York, Oxford University Press.
Castro, Rafael; Correa, Adriana; Cuartas, Tatiana; Arcos, Pedro. (2015). “Bases Conceptuales del Triaje Prehospitalario en Incidentes de Múltiples Víctimas.” Evidentia, Vol. 12, nº 51-52. Dis-ponible en http://www.index-f.com/evidentia/n51-52/ev9878.php
Christian, Michael D. (2019). “Triage.” Critical Care Clinics, Vol. 35, pp. 575–589. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccc.2019.06.009
Daugherty Biddison, Elizabeth L.; Gwon, Howard; Schoch-Spana, Monica; Cavalier, Robert; White, Douglas B.; Dawson, Timothy; Terry, Peter B., el al. (2014). “The Community Speaks: Under-standing Ethical Values in Allocation of Scarce Lifesaving Resources during Disasters.” Annals of the American Thoracic Society, Vol. 11, nº 5, pp. 777-83. https://doi.org/10.1513/AnnalsATS.201310-379OC
Daugherty Biddison, Elizabeth L.; Gwon, Howard; Schoch-Spana, Monica; Regenberg, Alan C.; Juliano, Chrissie; Faden, Ruth R.; Toner, Eric S. (2018). “Scarce Resource Allocation During Disasters: A Mixed-Method Community Engagement Study.” Chest, Vol. 153, nº 1, pp. 187-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2017.08.001
Daugherty Biddison, Elizabeth L.; Faden, Ruth R.; Gwon, Howard; Mareiniss, Darren P.; Regen-berg, Alan C.; Schoch-Spana, Monica; Schwartz, Jack; Toner, Eric S. (2019). “Too Many Pa-tients… A Framework to Guide Statewide Allocation of Scarce Mechanical Ventilation During Disasters.” Chest, Vol., 155, nº 4, pp. 848-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2018.09.025
Gil, Javier. (2015). “Democratic Authority and Informed Consent.” (pp. 207-228). En Parliamen-tarism and Democratic Theory. Kari Palonen, José María Rosales (eds.), Opladen, Berlin and Toronto, Barbara Budrich. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvddzxp8.14
Hortal, Joaquín; Padilla, Javier; Melguizo, Miguel; Ausín, Txetxu; Cruz, Maite; López de la Vieja, María Teresa; Puyol, Ángel; Rodríguez-Arias, David; Tamayo-Velázquez, María-Isabel; Triviño, Rosana. (2021). “La Eficiencia no Basta. Análisis Ético y Recomendaciones para la Distribu-ción de Recursos Escasos en Situaciones de Pandemia.” Gaceta Sanitaria. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaceta.2020.07.006
Jonsen, Albert R. (1986). “Bentham in a Box: Technology Assessment and Health Care Allocation.” Law, Medicine & Healthcare, Vol. 14, nº 3-4, pp. 172-174. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720X.1986.tb00974.x
Parfit, Derek. (2012). “Another Defence of the Priority View.” Utilitas Vol. 24, nº 3, pp. 399-440. https://doi.org/10.1017/S095382081200009X
Persad, Govind; Wertheimer, Alan; Emanuel, Ezekiel J. (31 de enero de 2009). “Principles for Allocation of Scarce Medical Interventions.” The Lancet, Vol. 373, nº 9661, pp. 423-431. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60137-9
Puyol, Ángel. (2018). “Del derecho a la salud a la ética del racionamiento sanitario.” Anales de la Cátedra Francisco Suárez, Vol. 52, pp. 43-65. https://doi.org/10.30827/acfs.v52i0.6550
Rueda, Jon; Hannikainen, Ivar R.; Hortal, Joaquín; Rodríguez-Arias, David. (2020). “Examining Public Trust in Categorical versus Comprehensive Triage Criteria.” The American Journal of Bioethics, Vol. 20, nº 7, pp. 106-09. https://doi.org/10.1080/15265161.2020.1779867
Sakanushi, Keishi, et al. (2013). “Electronic Triage System for Continuously Monitoring Casualties at Disaster Scenes.” Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing, 4, pp. 547-558. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-012-0130-2
Savulescu, Julian; Persson, Ingmar; Wilkinson, Dominic. (2020). “Utilitarianism and the Pandem-ic.” Bioethics, Vol. 34, nº 6, pp. 620-32. https://doi.org/10.1111/bioe.12771
Shklar, Judith. (1990). The Faces of Injustice. New Haven/London, Yale University Press.
Songer, Thomas J. (2018). “Disaster Epidemiology.” Britannica Online Encyclopaedia. https://www.britannica.com/science/disaster-epidemiology
Schultz, Carl H.; Lieser, Alexis. (2012). “Disaster Triage.” (pp. 330-336). En Oxford American Handbook of Disaster Medicine. Partridge, Robert A., Proano, Lawrance; Marcozzi, David (eds.). New York, Oxford University Press.
Tännsjö, Torbjörn. (2019). Setting Health-Care Priorities. What Ethical Theories Tell Us. New York, Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266267120000140
Taurek, John. (1977). “Should the Numbers Count?” Philosophy and Public Affairs, Vol. 6, nº 4, pp. 293–316.
Veatch, Robert M. (2005). “Disaster Preparedness and Triage: Justice and the Common Good.” The Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine, Vol. 72, nº 4, pp. 236–241.
United Nations Office for Disaster and Risk Reduction (UNDRR). (2017). Terminology on Disas-ter Risk Reduction. Washington, United Nations. https://www.undrr.org/terminology/disaster
World Health Organization (WHO). (2008). Glossary of Humanitarian Terms. https://www.who.int/hac/about/definitions/en/
Warfield, Corina. (2004). “The Disaster Management Cycle.” Introduction to Disaster Mange-ment, at The Global Development Research Center. http://www.gdrc.org/uem/disasters/1-dm_cycle.html
White, Douglas B.; Katz, Mitchell H., Luce, John M.; Lo, Bernard. (2009). “Who Should Receive Life Support During a Public Health Emergency? Using Ethical Principles to Improve Allocation Decisions.” Annals of Internal Medicine, Vol. 150, nº 2, pp. 132-138. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-150-2-200901200-00011
Zack, Naomi. (2009). Ethics for Disaster. Lanham, Rowman & Littlefield.
Most read articles by the same author(s)
- Francisco Javier Gil Martín, Ethics of voting and the government of the few. About Jason Brennan and John Stuart Mill , Télos: Vol 21 No 1 (2017): SIEU 2014 TERCER SEMINARIO INTERNACIONAL 26-27 JUNIO 2014 (SEGUNDA PARTE)