This work conducts a review of research in the field of refloating and business decline from the mid-1970s to the present day. Based on the work of Pierce and Robbins (1993) and Trahms, Ndofor and Sirmon (2013), the main findings made by the previous research are presented along with the fundamental shortcomings in this field. In addition, progress following the review of Trahms et al. (2013) is also shown along with a future perspective for research in this area.

This study examines the effect of public spending on agricultural productivity in major agro-ecological regions in Nigeria (1981-2018). Using public finance data from agricultural and the non-agricultural sectors at a national level, agricultural productivity returns were analysed. Public spending on drivers of agricultural growth such as education, farm feeder roads and health care facilities and their effect on agricultural productivity were also examined. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and three-stage simultaneous equations. Descriptive statistics analysis results indicated that agricultural public spending as a part of total public spending averaged 4.88% between 1981 and 2018 across zones in Nigeria. Less than 25% of this allocation was spent on agricultural developmental/capital project. Elasticity results computed from the 3-stage simultaneous equation showed that the access to moderate farm feeder roads variable was 0.045, the access to education variable was 0.071 and the access to health care facilities (within 15-30 minutes’ walk to health facility) variable was 0.013. These variables were all significant at 1%. Such outcomes suggest that a 1% increase in the funding of education, farm feeder roads and health care facilities will enhance agricultural productivity per capita by 0.043. Hence, the results revealed an estimated benefit-cost-ratio of 4.3:1. Consequently, public expenditure on education, farm feeder roads and health care facilities of 4.3% would enhance agricultural productivity by 1%. However, the assessed marginal consequences and returns vary for four agro-ecological regions. Hence, harmonizing along with quality public spending on access to health care facilities, education and farm feeder roads would enhance agricultural productivity

We carried out an evaluation of the impact of the ERDF-Innterconecta programme (developed within the framework of the Technology Fund 2007-2013) on the main indicators of business innovation in Galicia. Among the different lines of action designed, we focused our analysis on the first two rounds of the Galician ERDF-Interconnecta programme belonging to this “Operational Programme for the benefit of business R&D&i”, the implementation period of which covers up to 2015. The proposed analysis tries to identify the repercussion of the participation in this programme based on the main available microeconomic indicators (projects, perceived funds, evolution of Research & Development expenditure, innovation, patents, collaboration networks, invoicing, etc.). This impact is broken down using companies´ productive sectors. The results show an unequal impact depending on the business characteristics and show a significant amount of resources managed by companies located in other territories. These results will also make it possible to formulate recommendations for the future implementation of Research, Development & Innovation policies

This paper is an analytical-empirical review of the evolution of Spanish Business Schools and how they have been affected by the accreditation system. This system has made it possible for the Spanish Business Schools to rank among the best (10 of them are in the World top-25 and 4 have been accredited with the triple crown, which is the highest distinction). However, it has also led to the denaturalization of the Business Schools (B-Schools), which have been “devoured” by the Schools of Economics and Business at universities. In addition, the accreditation system has entailed an increase in costs (opportunity, marginal, sunk costs and so on). An explanation of the Spanish B-Schools paradox is offered in the article: the more accreditations achieved,
the more difficult it is to maintain them, due to contradictions in the compliance regulation and to the difficulty in updating academic programmes since their success and assimilation into the welfare state economy is a risk for B-Schools and their adaptation to digital economy. Finally, the paper gives some keys to correct the problem detected and thus to adapt B-Schools to the emerging wellbeing economics, a new stage of the digital economy.

This work addresses the issue of intra-regional imbalances “province vs region” and, in particular, the socioeconomic evolution of the province of Ourense within the community of Galicia. analysing the socioeconomic convergence between the two territories. With this objective in mind a representative convergence statistic of the average variation of each provincial variation used has been constructed. A simple and two-dimensional correlation analysis has been carried out to find out the evolution of available income per inhabitant and a panel data model has been used to identify the explanatory variables of income availability. The results reveal that, in the period 2000-2018 the gap in terms of disposable income and production per inhabitant grew, to the detriment of the province of Ourense due to its limited capacity for attracting visitors. This sums up into a need for an integral plan that visualizes the provincial competitive advantages, taking into account that public spending policies are the most effective in this regard.

The objective of this research is to review and unify the empirical literature that identifies the determining factors for firm growth. A list of 165 articles forms the backbone of the present review of the empirical literature on firm growth. Based on this review, we provide a synthesis of numerous determinant factors associated with firm growth. Specifically, we enumerate and detail the determining factors in three blocks: entrepreneur’s idiosyncratic features, firm’s internal factors, and factors external to the firm. The work provides a better understanding of the complex process of growth, shows the shortcomings in empirical research on the growth of the firm and presents directions for future research. 

The implementation of Contract Law 9/2017 of 8th November on Public Sector Contracts (LCSP), effective from 9th March 2018, imposed a great change for Spanish universities and, thus, for the three SUG public universities. Subsequently, the General State Budget Law for 2018 allowed a certain flexibility, easing this limit control for public administrations carrying out research activities. This article aims to show the different decisions taken by the three SUG public universities, analyze their impact on minor contracts, and compare them to those of the rest of the CRUE universities.

Since 2018, the obligation to prepare the non-financial information statement (NFI) has been revolutionizing the way in which large Spanish companies structure all their corporate information. Our research aims to identify the new financial and non-financial information integration models in the praxis of the groups listed on the IBEX 35. The reports referring to 2018 have been analyzed: accounting or financial in the strict sense, i.e. audited consolidated annual accounts and management reports –including the NFI statement–, and non-financial, i.e. integrated and/or sustainability reports. The results obtained evidence a high level of reporting dispersion. Three basic reporting models and up to seven alternative subcategories have been identified. Other results show the rise of the integrated report to the detriment of the sustainability report, the conversion of these voluntary or non-financial reports into legal or partially legal reports, and the constraints regarding the scope of the NFI statement´s verifiability.