Family language policy: the role of pro-Galician parents in intergenerational transmission
Barra lateral del artículo
Contenido principal del artículo
Resumen
In a bilingual society, each individual within the family domain has his or her own linguistic practices and beliefs about language choice. Therefore, language practices inside family can be considered as an important marker of intergenerational transmission of a minoritized language such as Galician. The primary focus of this study is to investigate how individual linguistic practices and ideologies of the pro-Galician parents act as ‘visible’ and/or ‘invisible’ language planning measures at home influencing their children’s language learning. Drawing from multiple ethnographic research methods including observational fieldnotes, in-depth fieldwork interviews from Santiago de Compostela and Bertamiráns and two focus groups in Santiago de Compostela and Vigo with several Galician parents, this paper demonstrates that in Galicia’s language shift-induced shrinking orthodox native speaker pool, pro-Galician parents can play an important role in the language revitalisation process. The paper also endeavours to ascertain whether these parents can restore intergenerational transmission in a Castilian dominated landscape and if their microcosmic interrogation of the dominant discourse could lead to bottom-up language policies of resistance at the grassroots level. In this regard, this article seeks to reevaluate sociolinguistic concepts such as family language policy and their immediate impact on home language planning and management decisions what these parents use to maintain the intergenerational transmission of Galician.
Palabras clave:
Citado por
Detalles del artículo
Referencias
Alberdi, Inés. 1999. La nueva familia española. Madrid: Taurus.
Althusser, Louis. 1971. Lenin and Philosophy and Other Essays. Nova York: Monthly Review Press.
Apple, Michael W. 2017. Reproduction and contradiction in education: an introduction. En Michael W. Apple (ed.), Cultural and Economic Reproduction in Education: Essays on Class, Ideology and the State, Oxon: Routledge.
Baldauf, Richard. 2005. Language planning and policy Research: An Overview. En Eli Hinkel (ed.), Handbook of Research in Second Language Teaching and Learning. 957-970. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Bourdieu, Pierre. 1986. The Forms of Capital. En John Richardson (ed.), Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education. 241-258. Nova York: Greenwood.
Bourdieu, Pierre. 1991. Language and symbolic power. Oxford: Polity.
Calvet, Louis-Jean. 1987. La guerre des langues et les politiques linguistiques. Paris: Payot.
Cassels Johnson, David. 2013. Language Policy. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Curdt-Christiansen, Xiao Lan. 2009. Visible and invisible language planning: Ideological factors in the family language policy of Chinese immigrant families in Quebec. Language Policy 8 (4), 351–375.
Curdt-Christiansen, Xiao Lan. 2013. Family language policy: sociopolitical reality versus linguistic continuity. Language Policy 12 (1), 1-6. DOI 10.1007/s10993-012-9269-0.
Curdt-Christiansen, Xiao Lan. 2014. Family language policy: Is learning Chinese at odds with learning English? En Xiao Lan Curdt-Christiansen e Andy Hancock (eds.), Learning Chinese in Diasporic Communities. 35-55. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Curdt-Christiansen, Xiao Lan. 2018. Family language policy. En James Tollefson e Miguel Perez Milans (eds.), The Oxford handbook of language policy and planning. 420-441. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Eagleton, Terry. 1991. Ideology: An Introduction. London: Verso.
Fishman, Joshua. 1991. Reversing language shift: Theoretical and empirical foundations of assistance to threatened languages. Clevedon, Reino Unido: Multilingual Matters.
Fogle, Lyn Wright. 2013. Parental ethnotheories and family language policy in transnational adoptive families. Language Policy 12 (1), 83-102.
Freitas Juvino, María Pilar. 2008. A represión lingüística en Galiza no século XX: Aproximación cualitativa á situación sociolingüística de Galiza. Vigo: Xerais.
Galicia Confidencial. 2014. Pais e profesionais organízanse para impulsar o ensino en galego. Galicia Confidencial (06/03/2014). http://www.galiciaconfidencial.com/noticia/17979-pais-profesionais-organizanse-impulsar-ensino-galego.
Gómez Ocampo, Marta. 2016. A imposición do galego. Nacemento, auxe e consecuencias da creación dun problema público. Grial 210, 136-141.
Hall, Stuart. 1985. Signification, Representation, Ideology: Althusser and the Post-Structuralist Debates. Critical Studies in Mass Communication 2 (2), 91-114.
Instituto Galego de Estatística. 2014. Enquisa de Condicións de Vida das Familias. Coñecemento e Uso do Galego. Ano 2013. Santiago de Compostela: Instituto Galego de Estatística (IGE).
La Opinion. 2014. Villanueva atribuye la pérdida de ´galegofalantes´ a la falta de transmisión en las familias. La Opinión (16-12-2014). http://www.laopinioncoruna.es/sociedad/2014/12/16/villanueva-atribuye-perdida-galegofalantes-falta/909510.html
Lanza, Elizabeth. 2007. Multilingualism and the family. En Peter Auer e Li Wei (eds.), Handbook of Multilingualism and Multilingual Communication. 45-66. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Leopold, Werner. 1949. Speech Development of a Bilingual Child. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press.
Loredo, Xaquín e Henrique Monteagudo. 2017. La transmisión intergeneracional del gallego. Comparación con el catalán. Treballs de Sociolingüistica Catalana 27, 99-116.
Loredo, Xaquín. 2017. La transmissió lingüística intergeneracional: el reflex de la vitalitat d'un idioma. Llengua, Societat i Conmunicació 15, 54-61.
Lorenzo Suárez, Anxo. 2005. Planificación lingüística de baixa intensidade: o caso galego. Cadernos de Lingua 27, 37-59.
McCarty, Teresa (ed.). 2011. Ethnography and language policy. New York and London: Routledge.
Monteagudo, Henrique e Xan Bouzada (eds.). 2002. O proceso de normalización do idioma galego (1980-2000). Política Lingüística: análise e perspectivas, Vol.II. Santiago de Compostela: Consello da Cultura Galega.
Monteagudo, Henrique. 2009. As razóns do galego. Apelo á cidadanía. Vigo: Editorial Galaxia.
Monteagudo, Henrique. 2012a. Política lingüística en Galicia. Apuntes para un nuevo balance. Quo Vadis Romania? 39, 21-39.
Monteagudo, Henrique. 2012b. Facer país co idioma. Sentido da normalización lingüística. A Coruña: Real Academia Galega.
Musitu, Gonzalo e Pat Allat (eds.). 1994. Psicosociología de la familia. Valencia: Albatros.
Musitu, Gonzalo. 1995. Familia, identidad y valores. Infancia y Sociedad 30, 230-262.
Nandi, Anik e Ashvin Devasundaram. 2017. Contesting the Conventionalising of Castilian: The Role of Galician Parents as Counter-Elites. En Fraser Lauchlan e Maria del Carmen Parafita Couto (eds.), Bilingualism and Minority Languages in Europe: Current trends and developments. 12-33. Newcastle upon Tyne, Reino Unido: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
Nandi, Anik. 2016a. Estratexias familiares para a transmisión interxeracional do galego. Grial. Revista Galega de Cultura 211, 123-131.
Nandi, Anik. 2016b. Language policies on the ground: Parental language management in urban Galician homes. Heriot-Watt University, Reino Unido. (Tese de doutoramento inédita). https://www.ros.hw.ac.uk/handle/10399/3360.
Nandi, Anik. 2017. Language Policies and Linguistic Culture in Galicia. LaborHistórico 2, 28-45.
Nandi, Anik. 2018. Parents as stakeholders: Language management in urban Galician homes. Multilingua: Journal of Cross-Cultural and Interlanguage Communication 37 (2), 201-223. https://doi.org/10.1515/multi-2017-0020.
O’Rourke, Bernadette e Fernando Ramallo. 2013. Competing ideologies of linguistic authority amongst newspeakers in contemporary Galicia. Language in Society 42, 287–305.
Palviainen, Åsa e Sally Boyd. 2013. Unity in Discourse, Diversity in Practice: The One Person One Language Policy in Bilingual Families. En Mila Schwartz e Anna Verschik (eds.), Successful Family Language Policy. Parents, Children and Educators in Interaction. 223-248. Nova York: Springer.
Ramallo, Fernando. 2010. Cara a unha tipoloxía sociolingüística dos falantes de galego. En Bieito Silva, Xesús Rodríguez e Isabel Vaquero (eds.), Educación e linguas en Galicia. 15–37. Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela.
Ramallo, Fernando. 2013. Neofalantismo. En Eva Gugenberger, Henrique Monteagudo e Gabriel Rei Doval (eds.), Contacto de linguas, hibrididade, cambio: contextos, procesos e consecuencias. 245–258. Santiago de Compostela: Consello da Cultura Galega.
Romo Morales, Gerardo. 2016. La familia como institución. Cambios y permanencias. Jalisco, Me?xico: Universidad de Guadalajara.
Ronjat, Jules. 1913. Le développement du langage observé chez un enfant bilingue. Paris: Champion.
Ruiz, Richard. 1984. Orientations in language planning. NABE Journal 8 (2), 15–34.
Saldaña, Johnny. 2013. The Coding Manual for Qualitative Researchers. Londres: Sage.
Salgado, Xurxo. 2014. Feijóo: Nunca antes se aprendeu tanto galego. Galicia Confidencial (11/12/2014). http://www.galiciaconfidencial.com/noticia/21980-feijoo-se-aprendeu-galego.
Schiffman, Harold. 1996. Linguistic culture and language policy. London: Routledge.
Schwartz, Mila e Anna Verschik (eds.). 2013. Successful Family Language Policy: Parents, Children and Educators in Interaction. Nova York: Springer.
Schwartz, Mila. 2010. Family language policy: Core issues of an emerging field. Applied Linguistics Review 1 (1), 171-192.
Seminario de Sociolingüística da RAG. 1994. Lingua inicial e competencia lingüística en Galicia: compendio do volume I do mapa sociolingüístico de Galicia. A Coruña: Real Academia Galega.
Seminario de Sociolingüística da RAG. 1995. Usos lingüísticos en Galicia: compendio do II volume do mapa sociolingüístico de Galicia. A Coruña: Real Academia Galega.
Seminario de Sociolingüística da RAG. 2017. Lingua e sociedade en Galicia: Resumo de resultados 1992-2016. A Coruña: Real Academia Galega.
Shohamy, Elena. 2006. Language Policy: Hidden Agendas and New Approaches. Nova York: Routledge.
Smith-Christmas, Cassie. 2016. Family Language Policy: Maintaining an Endangered Language in the Home. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Spolsky, Bernard (ed.). 2012. The Cambridge Handbook of Language Policy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Spolsky, Bernard. 2004. Language Policy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Spolsky, Bernard. 2009. Language management. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Spolsky, Bernard. 2018. A modified and enriched theory of language policy (and management). Language Policy 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10993-018-9489-z.
Tollefson, James W. (ed.). 2013. Language policies in education: critical Issues. Oxon: Routledge.
Weigel, Daniel J., Sally S. Martin e Kymberley K. Bennett. 2006. Contributions of the home literacy environment to preschool-aged Sally children’s emerging literacy and language skills. Early Child Development and Care 176 (3–4), 357–378.