Aplicación de técnicas de cultivo "in vitro" en la propagación del aliso con vistas a su conservación

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Publicado: 30-04-2012

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Elena Corredoira
Departamento de Fisiología Vegetal, Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiológicas de Galicia, CSIC, Avda de Vigo s/n., Apartado 122, 15080 Santiago de Compostela
España
Laura V. Janeiro
INLUDES. Diputación Provincial de Lugo, Ronda da Muralla 140, 27004 Lugo
España
María C. San José
Departamento de Fisiología Vegetal, Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiológicas de Galicia, CSIC, Avda de Vigo s/n., Apartado 122, 15080 Santiago de Compostela
España
Núm. 7 (2011), Artículos originales
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15304/rr.id92
Recibido: 30-04-2012 Aceptado: 30-04-2012 Publicado: 30-04-2012
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Resumen

Se ha desarrollado un protocolo eficaz para elestablecimiento in vitro mediante la proliferación de yemasaxilares de material procedente de genotipos adultos dealiso. Las estaquillas, obtenidas de árboles de 20-30 años,fueron “forzadas” a brotar y los brotes se cultivaron enmedio Woody Plant Medium (WPM) (Lloyd y McCown,1980) con 2 mg/l de benciladenina (BA) y 0,5 mg/l de ácidoindol-3-acético (AIA). El mantenimiento de los cultivos serealiza mediante subcultivos secuenciales cada 9 semanasen el mismo medio mineral adicionado con 0,1 mg/l de BA y0,5 mg/l de AIA. Transferencias a medio fresco cada 3semanas, la inclusión de la zeatina (Z) en el último ciclo y lasustitución de sacarosa 3% por glucosa 2%, mejoran lastasas de multiplicación y la calidad de los brotes. Los brotesobtenidos en la etapa de multiplicación fueron enraizadoscon facilidad incluso en el tratamiento sin auxina (84,0%),aunque la presencia de ácido indol-3-butírico (AIB) en elmedio incrementó los porcentajes de enraizamiento,especialmente cuando la glucosa 2% (93,4%) fueincorporada al medio en vez de sacarosa 3% (86,9%). Lasplantas enraizadas fueron aclimatadas en una cámara decrecimiento durante 6 semanas, y posteriormentetransferidas al invernadero.

Palabras clave:

Alnus glutinosa, aliso común, conservación de germoplasma, micropropagación, Phytophthora alni
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