Diseño de materiales multimedia de aprendizaje. Principios de coherencia, contigüidad, señalización y redundancia

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to advance in the theoretical construction of the principles which affect to the creation of multimedia learning materials. For the elaboration of multimedia learning material process, using and integrating the diverse forms of expression, have to be at the service of the instructional objectives. Pedagogues and visual artists need to work in a coordinated way and, usually, exists a big distance between the interpretation of the more suitable way of expression and how to do it to reach a specific instructional objective. In this paper, the coherence, contiguity, signaling and redundancy principles established by Mayer and others important authors who have investigated about the multimedia learning theories, are reviewed not only from the educational perspective but also from the visual language perspective, with specific examples about several multimedia teaching projects developed by the Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia and the Fédération Internationale of Footbal Association (FIFA), who present more realistic situations than the experiments made in laboratories by Mayer and their colleagues since 1990 until 2000.