Territórios negros urbanos em São Carlos- SP (Brasil) no Pós-abolição

Abstract

It analyses the process of configuration of urban black territories in post-abolition in the municipality of São Carlos-SP (Brazil) with reference to the Vila Isabel neighborhood and the trajectory and domestic space of Geralda Fermiano. The city was one the regions that integrated the set of municipalities of São Paulo that had the economy based on coffee plantations, leveraged mainly by the slave labor of men and black women in the mid-nineteenth century. The municipality counted on a considerable number of captives from the beginning of its occupation, going from 1.568 in the year of 1874 to 3.725 in 1885. With the abolition of the slave system in 1888, that resulted mainly of the fight, the action and the resistance of abolitionists, many of them free blacks and slaves, urban space became the locus of occupation for most of these subjects who opted for “city life”. The laws and codes of stances that prevailed in the period took upon themselves, from the end of slavery, the role of expelling, deterring, and marginalizing the mass of freedmen. In São Carlos, one of the segregationist strategies pursued by the State and civil society was the creation of subdivisions in the fringes of the urban area which, not by chance, housed a poor and mostly black population, as is the case of Vila Isabel and his resident Geralda Fermiano. In these places, black men and women created and recreated their territories, bringing responsibility for the preservation, maintenance and transmission of their knowledge and cultural legacies. From the mapping and registration of
these territories, the article explores an important theoretical, dialoguing with authors such as, Hebe Mattos, Ana Lugão Rios, Eric Foner, Kimberlé Crenshaw, Sidney Chalhoub, Sidney Chalhoub, Walter Fraga Filho and Simoni Guedes among others. It contributes to the process of visibility, knowledge and appreciation of the cultural heritage of the black populations of Brazil.