Biodiversidad e hipovirulencia de Cryphonectria parasitica en Europa: implicaciones para el control biológico del cancro del castaño

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Publicado 30-04-2012

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Olga Aguín
Estación Fitopatolóxica do Areeiro, Deputación de Pontevedra, Subida a la Robleda s/n, 36153 Pontevedra
España
María Jesús Sainz
Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario s/n, 27002 Lugo
España
Dolores Montenegro
Estación Fitopatolóxica do Areeiro, Deputación de Pontevedra, Subida a la Robleda s/n, 36153 Pontevedra
España
J. Pedro Mansilla
Estación Fitopatolóxica do Areeiro, Deputación de Pontevedra, Subida a la Robleda s/n, 36153 Pontevedra
No 7 (2011), Artigos orixinais
DOI https://doi.org/10.15304/rr.id91
Recibido: 30-04-2012 Aceptado: 30-04-2012 Publicado: 30-04-2012
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El cancro del castaño, causado porCryphonectria parasitica, es una enfermedad ampliamenteextendida en todo el mundo. En Europa, se ha detectado enla mayoría de las zonas cultivadas con Castanea sativa(castaño europeo) en países mediterráneos ycentroeuropeos, y se considera un patógeno de cuarentena.No existe ningún método cultural ni químico de control deeste hongo, ni ningún cultivar de castaño europeo toleranteo resistente a la enfermedad. En los últimos años, lainvestigación sobre el control del cancro se ha centrado enel desarrollo de métodos biológicos. Cryphonectriaparasitica presenta dos tipos de cepas: virulentas, quecausan graves lesiones en el árbol, e hipovirulentas, queapenas ocasionan daños porque son portadoras de un virusque atenúa su virulencia. La aplicación en campo, sobrecastaños afectados, de cepas hipovirulentas, que puedentransmitir su virus a las virulentas, es, por el momento, laúnica perspectiva para reducir y/o minimizar los daños queeste patógeno ocasiona. El éxito de esta técnica de controlbiológico del cancro requiere un conocimiento previo de laestructura poblacional de Cryphonectria parasitica (númeroy distribución de los tipos de compatibilidad vegetativa ysexual) y la existencia de cepas hipovirulentas compatiblescon las virulentas dominantes en una zona afectada.

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Castanea sativa, virus ARNbc, compatibilidad vegetativa, tipos de apareamiento
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