Biodiversity and hypovirulence of Cryphonectria parasitica in Europe: implications for the biological control of chestnut blight

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Published: 30-04-2012

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Olga Aguín
Estación Fitopatolóxica do Areeiro, Deputación de Pontevedra, Subida a la Robleda s/n, 36153 Pontevedra
Spain
María Jesús Sainz
Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario s/n, 27002 Lugo
Spain
Dolores Montenegro
Estación Fitopatolóxica do Areeiro, Deputación de Pontevedra, Subida a la Robleda s/n, 36153 Pontevedra
Spain
J. Pedro Mansilla
Estación Fitopatolóxica do Areeiro, Deputación de Pontevedra, Subida a la Robleda s/n, 36153 Pontevedra
No 7 (2011), Original articles
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15304/rr.id91
Submitted: 30-04-2012 Accepted: 30-04-2012 Published: 30-04-2012
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Abstract

Chestnut blight, caused by Cryphonectriaparasitica, is a widespread disease throughout the world. InEurope, it has been detected in most cultivated areas ofCastanea sativa (European chestnut) in Mediterranean andCentral European countries, and is considered a quarantinepathogen. There is no cultural or chemical method to controlthis fungus, or any European chestnut cultivar tolerant orresistant to the disease. In recent years, research onchestnut blight control has focused on the development ofbiological methods. Cryphonectria parasitica has two typesof strains: virulent, causing severe lesions to the tree, andhypovirulent, which cause hardly any damage just becausethey are carriers of a virus that attenuates virulence. Fieldapplication, on affected chestnuts, of hypovirulent strains,which can transmit the virus to the virulent ones, is by far theonly prospect for reducing and/or minimize the damage thatthis pathogen causes. The success of this biological controlmethod for chestnut blight requires prior knowledge of thepopulation structure of Cryphonectria parasitica (numberand distribution of vegetative compatibility and sexual types)and hypovirulent isolates compatible with the virulent strainsthat are dominant in an affected area.

Keywords:

Castanea sativa, dsRNA virus, vegetative compatibility, mating types
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