Galicia perante o reto da automatización do traballo
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Abstract
Frey e Osborne (2017), utilízanse os microdatos da mostra anual da EPA entre 2011 e
2016 para determinar as características persoais e laborais que condicionan o risco de
que un traballador en Galicia sexa substituído por una máquina. Os resultados das
estimacións amosan que a probabilidade de automatización diminúe co grao de
responsabilidade, o nivel educativo, a disposición a participar en accións formativas e a
adopción de novas formas de traballo, como o teletraballo, e é comparativamente reducida
para os ocupados en educación, sanidade, servizos sociais, TIC, enerxía e actividades
artísticas ou científico-técnicas. As restantes características do traballador e da empresa
xogan un papel secundario para explicar o risco de dixitalización. Co obxectivo de atenuar
as repercusións negativas do progreso tecnolóxico sobre o emprego e acadar un
crecemento inclusivo, é imprescindible que os axentes económicos, tanto públicos como
privados, gobernen o cambio. Para acadalo, é preciso actuar en dous ámbitos
estreitamente relacionados: a educación e o mercado de traballo.
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