Abstract

Since its origins, man has used language and symbols to build and organize his societies. This paper exposes the thesis that it is the power elites that build the discursive language that operates as a matrix of meanings that configures the consciousness of the subject (I), modeling and organizing their behavior in each historical period. Starting from the integral self, we will show how the change of discursive model occurs in classical Greece, the Middle Ages and modernity, a moment in which culture and the Freudian self that shapes the current citizen are invented. The invented self has been split from the totality and feels the separateness as a source of anguish. Conditioned by the feeling of guilt and shame, and unable to unfold its potential, the neurotic self enters into crisis. It is a crisis that extends to the present time, in which the citizen is enslaved through his freedom in the so-called "consumer society".