Territórios, populaçôes tradiconais e conflito: a realidade da reserva extrativista extremo norte do Tocantins, Brasil

Abstract

This study analyzes the conflicts related to the possession, use, management and creation of the protected territory, nowadays called Extractive Reserve Extremo Norte do Tocantins. The analysis is made from the conflict as a constituent element of the memory of the territory that conforms the federal protected areas (PAs). For this qualitative study, bibliographic reviews were combined, with secondary data (official sources) and primary data (field notes). As a result, was identified a lack of coordination between the objectives of the agricultural, energy, environmental and territorial integration policies in the region covered by the Resex , such a lack of articulation is also a lever for tensions between the various actors that share this reality. The tension between the social agents is related to the decision making derived from different logics of appropriation of natural resources.
The social agents of the extractive reserve maintain traditional relations established between society and nature through the exploitation of babassu coconut (Attalea speciosa). In addition, new social actors occupy large areas in this territory, for example cattle raising, which has effects on the exploitation of babassu and PAs objectives, among them: the privatization of plant resources and the abrupt transformation of the landscape and, consequently, the reduction of the natural resource in question. The key point to understand the conflict is the land regularization, since the area of the PAs is superimposed on private properties that are still pending of regularization, leading to the tensions and processes of exclusion and servility to the users of the PAs by the farmers.