O eucalipto: problema ou oportunidade?

Barra de artigos

PDF
Publicado 17-02-2020

Contido principal do artigo

Manuel Fco. Marey Pérez
Unicersidade de Santiago de Compostela
España
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8947-8355
No 15 (2019), Artigos orixinais, páxinas 35-42
DOI https://doi.org/10.15304/rr.id6623
Recibido: 17-02-2020 Aceptado: 17-02-2020 Publicado: 17-02-2020
Copyright Como citar

Resumo

As sociedades divididas non avanzan. O eucalipto ten sido o argumento para enfrentar a poboación entre partidarios e detractores. En palabras dun vello xestor forestal “do eucalipto sólo fala mal o que non o ten”. En palabras dun activista ambiental “hai que queimalos e arrincalos todos ata que non quede ningún”. Este traballo ten como único obxectivo superar ese enfrentamento. Para elo aporta datos sobre as dúas cuestións que o autor defendeu no debate. Primeira, o eucalipto non é nin foi nin será o responsable dos lumes que se producen en Galicia, utilizalo como tal non fai máis que erralo diagnóstico e polo tanto a solución para o máis grabe problema ambiental que temos en Galicia. A segunda cuestión amosa a importancia que o eucalipto ten na nosa economía e cales son as razóns da súa expansión, en certos casos caótica i excesiva. O traballo pretende amosar argumentos para avanzar de forma conxunta na proposta dunha planificación territorial e forestal realista na que se estableza cal debe ser o papel a desempeñar polas especies do xénero Eucalyptus no futuro en toda Galicia.

Palabras chave

Eucalipto, lumes, economía, xestión e planificación forestal.
Citado por

Detalles do artigo

Citas

Álvarez-Díaz M., González-Gómez M., Otero-Giráldez M.S. (2015). Detecting the socioeconomic driving forces of the fire catastrophe in NW Spain. European Journal of Forest Research 134, 1087–1094. Amatulli, G., Pérez-Cabello, F., de la Riva, J., (2007). Mapping lightning/human-caused wildfires occurrence under ignition point location uncertainty. Ecological Modelling 200, 321-333. Anderson W.R., Cruz M.G., Fernandes P.M., McCaw L., Vega J.A., Bradstock R.A., Fogarty L., Gould J., McCarthy G., Marsden-Smedley J.B., Matthews S., Mattingley G., Grant H., van Wilgen B.W. (2015). A generic, empiricalbased model for predicting rate of fire spread in shrublands. International Journal of Wildland Fire 24, 443– 460. Aranzabal, I., Schmitz, M.F., Aguilera, P., Pineda, F.D. (2008). Modelling of landscape changes derived from the dynamics of socio-ecological systems:a case of study in a semiarid Mediterranean landscape. Ecological Indicators 8, 672-685. Arellano, S., Vega, J. A., Ruíz, A. D., Arellano, A., Álvarez, J. G., Vega, D. J., Pérez, E. (2017). Foto-guía de combustibles forestales de Galicia y comportamiento del fuego asociado. Andavira. ASEFOR Enquisa a Membros. Grupo Alvariza de Certificación Forestal. https://media.bikenta.com/enquisa_alvariza_certificacion_f orestal_201 9.pdf. Consulta 10-2019.

Barreal J., Loureiro M.L. (2015). Modelling spatial patterns and temporal trends of wildfires in Galicia (NW Spain). Forest Systems 24, e022.

Bajocco, S., Ricotta, C. (2008). Evidence of selective burning in Sardinia (Italy): which land-cover classes do wildfires prefer? Landscape Ecology 23, 241-248.

Benavet-Corai, J., Rojo, C., Suárez-Torres, J., VelascoGarcía, L. (2007). Scaling properties in forest fire sequences:the human role in the order of nature. Ecological Modelling, 205: 336-342.

Bonazountas, M., Kallidromitou, D., Kassomenos, P., Passas, N. (2007). A decision support system for managing forest fire casualties. Journal of Environmental Management, 84: 412-418.

Botequim B., Garcia-Gonzalo J., Marques S., Ricardo A., Borges J.G., Tomé M., Oliveira M.M. (2013) Developing wildfire risk probability models for Eucalyptus globulus stands in Portugal. IForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry, 6: 217–227.

Botequim B., Fernandes P.M., Garcia-Gonzalo J., Silva A., Borges J.G. (2017). Coupling fire behaviour modelling and stand characteristics to assess and mitigate fire hazard in a maritime pine landscape in Portugal. European Journal of Forest Research, 136: 527–542.

Boubeta, M., Lombardía, M.J., Marey-Pérez, M.F., Morales, D. (2015). Prediction of forest fires occurrences with arealevel Poisson mixed models. Journal of Environmental Management, 154: 151–158.

Boubeta, M., Lombardía, M.J., González-Manteiga, W., Marey-Pérez, M.F. (2016). Burned area prediction with semiparametric models. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 25: 669-678.

Boubeta, M., Lombardía, M.J., Marey-Pérez, M.F., Morales, D. (2019). Poisson mixed models for analyzing the evolution of forest fires. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 28: 237-253.

Catry, F.X., Rego, F.C., Baçao, F., Moreira, F. (2009). Modeling and mapping wildfire ignition risk in Portugal. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18: 921-931.

CEAGA. Cluster de empresas de automoción de Galicia: Cifras del sector. http://www.ceaga.com/cifras.asp. Consulta 10-2019.

Chas-Amil M.L., Prestemon J.P., McClean C.J., Touza J. (2015). Human-ignited wildfire patterns and responses to policy shifts. Applied Geography, 56: 164–176.

Chuvieco, E., Aguado, I., Yebra, M., Nieto, H., Salas, J., Martín, M.P., Vilar, L., Martínez, J., Martin, S., Ibarra, P.,de la Riva,J., Baeza,J., Rodríguez, F., Molina, J.R., Herrera, M.A., Zamora, R. (2010). Development of a framework for fire risk assessment using remote sensing and geographic information system technologies. Ecological Modelling, 221: 46-58.

CMR Consellería de Medio Rural. 2019.Índice de risco diario de incendio forestal. https://mediorural.xunta.gal/nc/areas/forestal/incendios_fo restais/irdi/ Consulta 10-2019

Conedera, M., Torriani, D., Neff, C., Ricotta, C., Bajocco, S., Pezzatti, G.B. (2011). Using Monte Carlo simulations to estimate relative fire ignition danger in a low-tomedium fireprone region. Forest Ecology and Management, 261: 2179-2187.

Corcoran, J., Higgs, G., Brunsdon, C., Andre, W., (2007). The Use of Comaps to explore the spatial and temporal dynamics of fire incidents: a case study in South Wales, United Kingdom. The Professional Geographer, 59: 521536.

Costafreda-Aumedes S., Comas C., Vega-Garcia C. (2016). Spatio- temporal configurations of human-caused fires in Spain through point patterns. Forests, 7: 185.

DGMNPF Dirección General de Medio Natural y Política Forestal. (2011). Cuarto Inventario Forestal Nacional. Galicia. Madrid, España. Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, Medio Rural y Marino. 49 p.

Fernandes, P. (2009). Combining forest structure data and fuel modelling to classify fire hazard in Portugal. Annals of Forest Science, 66 (4):1-9.

Fuentes-Santos, I., Marey-Pérez, M. F., González-Manteiga, W. (2013). Forest fire spatial pattern in Galicia (NW Spain). Journal of Environmental Management, 128: 30–42.

Ginzo-Villamayor, M.J., Iglesias-Allones, J.L., GonzálezManteiga, W., Marey-Pérez, M.F. (2017). Análisis de las masas de Pinus pinaster en Galicia y su relación con los incendios forestales. Plasencia.

González, J.R., Pukkala, T. (2007). Characterization of forest fires in Catalonia (northeast Spain). European Journal of Forest Research, 126: 421-429.

González-Olabarria, J.R., Mola-Yudego, B., Pukkala, T., Palahi, M., (2011). Using multiscale spatial analysis to assess fire ignition density in Catalonia, Spain. Annals of Forest Science, 68: 861-871.

Hering, A.S., Bell, C.L., Genton, M.G. (2009). Modelling spatio-temporal wildfire ignitionpoint patterns. Environmental and Ecological Statistics, Special Issue on Statistics for Wildfire Processes 16: 225- 250.

INE (2019). España: Indicadores económicos y financieros. https://www.ine.es/dynt3/FMI/ . Consulta 10-2019

Juan, P., Mateu, J., Saenz, M. (2012). Pinpointing spatiotemporal interactions in wildfire patterns. Stochastic Environment Research and Risk Assessment, 26:11311150.

Kalabokidis, K.D., Koutsias, N., Konstantinidis, P., Vasilakos, C. (2007). Multivariate analysis of landscape wildfire dynamics in a Mediterranean ecosystems of Greece. Area, 39: 392-402.

López, X.A. (1979). Economía e poboación en Galicia, Rueiro, A Coruña.

Marey-Pérez, M. F., Rodríguez-Vicente, V. (2008). Forest transition in Northern Spain: Local responses on largescale programmes of field- afforestation. Land Use Policy, 26: 139–156.

Marey-Pérez, M. F., Rodríguez-Vicente, V. (2011). Factors determining forest management by farmers in Northwest Spain: Application of discriminant analysis. Forest Policy and Economics, 13: 318–327.

Marey-Pérez, M. F., Rodríguez-Vicente, V., Álvarez-López, C.J. (2012). Practical application of multivariant analysis techniques to the forest management of active farmers in the Northwest of Spain. Small-scale Forestry, 11: 453–476.

Marey-Pérez, M.F. (2013). De la cultura agraria a la industria del fuego. Grial: Revista Gallega de Cultura, 198: 69-77.

Marey-Pérez, M.F., Ríos-Pena, L., Franco-Vázquez, L. (20113). Metodología para la validación de los diferentes índices meteorológicos de riesgo de incendio para Galicia. 6º Congreso Forestal Español. Vitoria.

Martín A., Botequim B., Oliveira T.M., Ager A., Pirotti F. (2016). Resource communication.Temporal optimization of fuel treatment design in blue gum (Eucalyptus globulus) plantations. Forest Systems, 25: eRC09.

Martínez, J., Chuvieco, E., Martín, P. (2008). Estimation of risk factors of human ignition of fires in Spain by means of logistic regression. In: Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Fire Economics, Planning, and Policy: a Global View: 265-278.

Martínez,J., Vega-Garcia, C., Chuvieco, E. (2009). Humancaused wildfire risk rating for prevention planning in Spain. Journal of Environmental Management, 90: 1241-1252.

Maseda, F., Díaz, F., Álvarez, C. J. (2004). Family dairy farms in Galicia (NW Spain): classification by some family and farm factors relevant to quality of life. Biosystems Engineering, 87(4): 509–521.

Mirra I.M., Oliveira T.M., Barros A.M., Fernandes P.M. (2017). Fuel dynamics following fire hazard reduction treatments in blue gum (Eucalyptus globulus) plantations in Portugal. Forest Ecology and Management, 398: 185– 195.

Molina J.R., Martín T., Silva F.R.Y., Herrera M.A. (2017) The ignition index based on flammability of vegetation improvesplanning in thewildland urban interface: a case study in southern Spain. Landscape and Urban Planning, 158: 129–138.

Moreira, F., Vaz, P., Catry, F., Silva, J.S., (2009). Regional variations in wildfire susceptibility of land-cover types in Portugal: implications for landscape management to minimize fire hazard. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18: 563-574.

Moreira, F., Viedma, O., Arianoutsou, M., Curt, T., Koutsias, N., Rigolot, E., Barbati, A., Corona, P., Vaz, P., Xanthopoulos, G., Mouillot, F., Bilgili, E., 2011. Landscape wildfire interactions in southern Europe: implications for landscape management. Journal of Environmental Managemen,t 92: 2389-2402.

Picos, J. O sector forestal en Galicia: problemática actual e perspectivas futuras. Foro Económico de Galicia. Documento n.º 10. 2015.

Picos, X. A. L. (2003). El monte, el cambio social y la cultura forestal en Galicia. RIPS. Revista de Investigaciones Políticas y Sociológicas, 2 (2): 109- 123.

Quiroga, S., Domínguez, G., Suárez, C., Gorriz, E., Barrio, M., Marey-Pérez, M.F., Martínez de Arano, I., Ojea, E., Solis, J.D. (2015). Spain. En: Forest Land Ownership Change in Europe: 577-590. European Forest Institute (EFI) and University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU). Viena.

Ríos-Pena, L., Cadarso-Suárez, C., Kneib, T., Marey-Pérez, M. F. (2015). Applying Binary Structured Additive Regression (STAR) for predicting wildfire in Galicia, Spain. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 27: 123–126.

Ríos-Pena, L., Kneib, T., Cadarso-Suárez, C., Marey-Pérez, M. F. (2017). Predicting the occurrence of wildfires with binary structured additive regression models. Journal of Environmental Management, 187: 154–165.

Ríos-Pena, L., Kneib, T., Cadarso-Suárez, C., Klein, N., Marey-Pérez, M. F. (2018). Studying the Occurrence and Severity of Wildfires with Zero-One- Inflated Structured Additive Beta Regression. Environmental Modelling & Software, 110: 107-118.

Rodríguez-Vicente, V., Marey-Pérez, M. F. (2008). Assessing the role of the family unit in individual private forestry in Northern Spain. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 23: 53– 77.

Rodríguez-Vicente, V., Marey-Pérez, M. F. (2009). Land-use and land-base patterns in non-industrial private forests: Factors affecting forest management in Northern Spain. Forest Policy and Economics, 11: 475–490.

Rodríguez-Vicente, V., Marey-Pérez, M. F. (2009). Characterization of nonindustrial private forest owners and their influence on forest management aims and practices in Northern Spain. Small Scale Forestry, 8: 479-513.

Rodríguez-Vicente, V., Marey-Pérez, M. F. (2010). Analysis of individual private forestry in Northern Spain according to economic factors related to management. Journal of Forest Economics, 16: 269–295.

USC - Escola Politécnica Superior de Enxeñería. http://www.usc.es/es/centros/eps/. Consulta 10-2019.

Veiras, X., Soto, M. A. (2011). La conflictividad de las plantaciones de eucalipto en España (y Portugal). Greenpeace. Madrid

XERA (2018). La Cadena Forestal - Madera en Galicia 2017. Axencia Galega da Industria Forestal. Consellerıa de Economía e Industria. Universidade de Vigo. J. Picos (coord.). 54 p. Xunta de Galicia, (2019). Plan de defensa contra incendios forestal de Galicia (PLADIGA 2019).

https://mediorural.xunta.gal/areas/forestal/incendios_forest ais/pladiga_2019/ consulta 10-2019.