Unha avaliación das políticas comerciais relacionadas coa COVID-19
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En medio da crise da COVID-19, o comercio internacional foi especialmente importante para garantir a subministración de bens médicos e doutro tipo. Este artigo analiza as políticas comerciais, relacionadas coa COVID-19, do sistema de notificacións da Organización Mundial do Comercio (OMC) durante o período comprendido entre febreiro e outubro de 2020. Utilizamos a base de datos de notificacións sobre a COVID-19 dos países membros da OMC, que inclúe información sobre 198 notificacións. Estes datos permítennos observar a tendencia das notificacións, dos países e dos produtos máis afectados, dos tipos de medidas e da adhesión ás directrices da OMC. Os nosos resultados mostran dúas vagas de notificacións. Na primeira, os países actuaron unilateralmente, sen teren en conta as ferramentas multilaterais. Porén, na segunda onda, caracterizada polo predominio de medidas facilitadoras do comercio, obsérvase unha tendencia cara a accións multilaterais a través do establecemento de “declaracións”. Os equipos de protección persoal (EPP) e as subministracións médicas foron os produtos máis afectados, seguidos dos produtos agrícolas e dos alimenticios.
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