Una evaluación de las políticas comerciales relacionadas con la COVID-19
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En medio de la crisis de la COVID-19, el comercio internacional fue especialmente importante para garantizar el suministro de bienes médicos y de otro tipo. Este artículo analiza las políticas comerciales, relacionadas con la COVID-19, del sistema de notificaciones de la Organización Mundial del Comercio (OMC) durante el período comprendido entre febrero y octubre de 2020. Utilizamos la base de datos de notificaciones sobre la COVID-19 de los países miembros de la OMC, que incluye información sobre 198 notificaciones. Estos datos nos permiten observar la tendencia de las notificaciones, de los países y de los productos más afectados, de los tipos de medidas y de la adhesión a las directrices de la OMC. Nuestros resultados muestran dos olas de notificaciones. En la primera, los países actuaron unilateralmente, sin tener en cuenta las herramientas multilaterales. Sin embargo, en la segunda ola, caracterizada por el predominio de medidas facilitadoras del comercio, se observa una tendencia hacia acciones multilaterales a través del establecimiento de “declaraciones”. Los equipos de protección personal y los suministros médicos fueron los productos más afectados, seguidos de los productos agrícolas y de los alimenticios.
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