El coronavirus: cisne negro y perturbación en la dotación de capital
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Se analiza un shock externo provocado por un efecto extraordinario e imprevisible, un "cisne negro", como la COVID-19. Tal shock lleva a un cambio de dotación de capital en los comprados financieros, y tiene efectos sobre la desigualdad económica, el desarrollo financiero y la renta económica. Se proponen modelos teóricos en los que el sector público busca alternativas al confinamiento, permitiendo la autorregulación de la economía, grabando el capital o buscando políticas conjuntas con otros Estados. En el primero modelo, la economía se autorregula con la ayuda del sector financiero. Sin embargo, se genera desigualdad económica, por lo que en los siguientes modelos el sector público intenta intervenir. En primer lugar, el sector público minimiza la desigualdad grabando el capital, lo que permite una redistribución de la riqueza y de la renta, con un tipo impositivo que solo depende de los impactos diferenciales del cisne negro en los distintos mercados. Por último, se proponen una coordinación de políticas entre los distintos países afectados para evitar los cisnes negros y otras externalidades negativas. Esto es factible en función del tipo impositivo, de las preferencias de los hogares y de los costes de administración.
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