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Alberto Angulo Morales
Universidad del País Vasco
Spain
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0867-1215
No 32 (2023): Mujeres emprendedoras en el Antiguo Régimen: negociantas, empresarias, vendedoras, comerciantes..., Articles
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15304/ohm.32.8736
Submitted: 07-10-2022 Accepted: 07-06-2023 Published: 16-06-2023
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Abstract

The works of some Jesuits from the north of the Iberian Peninsula in the Eighteenth century draw a discourse around women linked to the development of a colonial «consumer culture» that endangered the continuity of traditional cultural schemes. The literature of the time, the stories of travelers and the notarial documentation help to calibrate the image that the enterprising woman is generated in the cultural horizon of the long Eighteenth century. This work focuses on female entrepreneurship expressed in the active presence of women in the world (legal and illegal) of the commercialization of colonial products (tobacco and cocoa). Under the titles of vendors and shopkeepers, the colonials opened secure levels of income to women who participated in their marketing and production. A society that avidly consumed such non-basic grocery products for the subsistence of their families. In this sense, the shopkeepers from Alava and Biscay, as well as the tobacco vendors from Gipuzkoa, will be the main object of analysis. These women —single, married or widowed— appear as owners of a business, that is, of a company (store or trading hall). Some of these stores (products, loans, clientele and contraband) will allow us to understand more precisely the relevance of these female entrepreneurs and the impact of the colonials in the area of the Basque Provinces of the Eighteenth Century and in the first decades of the next century.