Sistemas regionales de innovación: pasado, presente y futuro
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Desde su aparición en la década de 1990, el enfoque de los sistemas regionales de innovación (SRI) ha atraído una considerable atención por parte de los geógrafos económicos, académicos y responsables de políticas de innovación. El enfoque SRI ocupa un lugar destacado en el discurso científico sobre la desigual geografía de la innovación y los factores que explican la generación de conocimiento y la capacidad de innovar de las regiones. El objetivo de este trabajo es reflexionar acerca de la aparición del enfoque SIR, su debate actual, así como los retos de futuro. Este documento se estructura con base en cuatro preguntas generales de investigación: ¿cuáles son los orígenes y fundamentos teóricos de este enfoque?, ¿cuál ha sido su contribución a los estudios de innovación y a la geografía económica?, ¿cuáles son sus implicaciones para la política de innovación?, y ¿cuáles son las líneas de investigación más recientes y los desafíos claves de la investigación en el futuro? Se argumenta que las contribuciones del enfoque de los SRI han sido sustanciales. Sin embargo, el enfoque ha sido aplicado a veces de una manera más bien estática, más como una heurística que como una teoría coherente. Los principales retos para la investigación actual y futura, por tanto, deben avanzar en la línea de construir un enfoque más robusto desde el punto vista téorico y también más centrado en la dinámica y transformación de los SRI.
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