Regional innovation systems: Past, present and future

Article Sidebar

PDF (Galego) PDF (Español)
Published: 12-09-2019

Main Article Content

Björn Asheim
University of Stavanger
Norway
Markus Grillitsch
Lund University – CIRCLE
Sweden
Michaela Trippl
University of Vienna
Austria
Vol 28 No 2 (2019): Special Issue. Studies on regional innovation policies in the last two decades: from regional systems of innovation to intelligent specialization strategies, Articles, pages 4-22
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15304/rge.28.2.6190
Submitted: 22-07-2019 Accepted: 22-07-2019 Published: 12-09-2019
Copyright How to Cite

Abstract

Since its development in the 1990s, the Regional Innovation Systems (RIS) approach has attracted considerable attention from economic geographers, innovation scholars and policy makers. The RIS approach is well-known in scientific discourse about the uneven geography of innovation and the factors that shape the knowledge generation and innovation capacities of regions. The aim of this paper is to reflect on the emergence of the RIS approach, the current debate as well as future challenges. This paper is structured  around four over arching research questions: What are the origins and theoretical foundations of this approach? What has the RIS approach contributed to innovation studies and economic geography? What are the implications for innovation policy? And what are the recent lines of research and key research challenges in the future? We argue that the contributions of the RIS approach have been substantial. Nevertheless, the approach has often been applied in a rather static way, more as a heuristic than a coherent theory. The key challenges for current and future research, therefore, are to move towards a more theory-based, dynamic perspective on RIS, dealing with new path development  and the transformation of RIS.

Keywords:

Regional innovation system, Regional innovation policy, Regional industrial change, Transformation of innovation systems, Research challenges.
Cited by

Article Details

References

Agrawal, A., Cockburn, I., e McHale, J. (2006). Gone but not forgotten: Knowledge flows, labor mobility, and enduring social relationships. Journal of Economic Geography, 6(5), 571-591. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbl016

Alkemade, F., Hekkert, M. P., e Negro, S. O. (2011). Transition policy and innovation policy: Friends or foes? Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, 1(1), 125-129. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eist.2011.04.009

Amin, A., e Cohendet, P. (2005). Geographies of knowledge formation in firms. Industry and Innovation, 12(4), 465-486. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13662710500381658

Asheim, B., e Vang, J. (2006). Regional innovation systems in Asian countries: A new way of exploiting the benefits of transnational corporations. Innovation, 8(1-2), 27-44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5172/impp.2006.8.1-2.27

Asheim, B. T. (1995). Regionale innovasjonssystem - en sosialt og territorielt forankret teknologipolitikk. Nordisk Samhällsgeografisk Tidskrift, 20, 17-34.

Asheim, B. T. (1996). Industrial districts as ‘learning regions’: A condition for prosperity. European Planning Studies, 4(4), 379-400. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09654319608720354

Asheim, B. T. (2000). Industrial districts: The contributions of Marshall and beyond. En G. L. Clark, M. P. Feldman e M. S. Gertler (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of economic geography (pp. 413-431). Oxford, England / New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Asheim, B. T. (2007). Differentiated knowledge bases and varieties of regional innovation systems. Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research, 20(3), 223-241. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13511610701722846

Asheim, B. T., Boschma, R., e Cooke, P. (2011). Constructing regional advantage: Platform policies based on related variety and differentiated knowledge bases. Regional Studies, 45(7), 893-904. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2010.543126

Asheim, B. T., e Coenen, L. (2006). Contextualising regional innovation systems in a globalising learning economy: On knowledge bases and institutional frameworks. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 31(1), 163-173. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-005-5028-0

Asheim, B. T., Coenen, L., e Moodysson, J. (2015). Methods and applications of regional innovation systems analysis. En C. Karlsson, M. Andersson e . Norman (Eds.), Handbook of research methods and applications in economic geography (pp. 272-290).

Cheltenham, England: Edward Elgar. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/pirs.12363 Asheim, B. T., e Gertler, M. S. (2005). The geography of innovation: Regional innovation systems. En J. Fagerberg, D. C. Mowery e R. R. Nelson (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of innovation (pp. 291-317). Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. Recuperado de https://www.researchgate.net/publication/284698107_The_Geography_of_Innovation_Regional_Innovation_Systems

Asheim, B. T., e Isaksen, A. (1997). Location, agglomeration and innovation: Towards regional innovation systems in Norway? European Planning Studies, 5(3), 299-330. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09654319708720402

Asheim, B. T., e Isaksen, A. (2002). Regional innovation systems: The integration of local 'sticky' and global 'ubiquitous' knowledge. Journal of Technology Transfer, 27(1), 77-86. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1013100704794

Asheim, B. T., Moodysson, J., e Tödtling, F. (2011). Constructing regional advantage: Towards state-of-the-art regional innovation system policies in Europe? European Planning Studies, 19(7), 1133-1139. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2011.573127

Asheim, B. T., Smith, H. L., e Oughton, C. (2011). Regional innovation systems: Theory, empirics and policy. Regional Studies, 45(7), 875-891. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2011.596701

Aslesen, H. W., e Freel, M. (2012). Industrial knowledge bases as drivers of open innovation? Industry and Innovation, 19(7), 563-584. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13662716.2012.726807

Autio, E. (1998). Evaluation of RTD in regional systems of innovation. European Planning Studies, 6(2), 131-140. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09654319808720451

Baptista, R., e Swann, P. (1998). Do firms in clusters innovate more? Research Policy, 27(5), 525-540. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(98)00065-1

Bathelt, H., Malmberg, A., e Maskell, P. (2004). Clusters and knowledge: Local buzz, global pipelines and the process of knowledge creation. Progress in Human Geography, 28(1), 31-56. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1191/0309132504ph469oa

Bianchi, P., e Giordani, M. G. (1993). Innovation policy at the local and national levels: The case of Emilia-Romagna. European Planning Studies, 1(1), 25-41. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09654319308720193

Blažek, J., e Žižalová, P. (2010). The biotechnology industry in the Prague metropolitan region: A cluster within a fragmented innovation system? Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, 28(5), 887-904. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1068/c09113

Boschma, R. (2005). Proximity and innovation: A critical assessment. Regional Studies, 39(1), 61-75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0034340052000320887

Boschma, R. (2015). Towards an evolutionary perspective on regional resilience. Regional Studies, 49(5), 733-751. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2014.959481

Boschma, R., e Iammarino, S. (2009). Related variety, trade linkages, and regional growth in Italy. Economic Geography, 85(3), 289-311. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1944-8287.2009.01034.x

Breschi, S., e Lissoni, F. (2009). Mobility of skilled workers and co-invention networks: An anatomy of localized knowledge flows. Journal of Economic Geography, 9(4), 439-468. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbp008

Brusco, S. (1982). The Emilian model: Productive decentralisation and social integration. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 6(2), 167-184. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.cje.a035506

Burt, R. S. (2000). The network structure of social capital. Research in Organizational Behavior, 22(0), 345-423. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-3085(00)22009-1

Camagni, R. (1995). The concept of innovative milieu and its relevance for public policies in european lagging regions. Papers in Regional Science, 74(4), 317-340. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1435-5597.1995.tb00644.x

Capello, R. (1999). SME Clustering and factor productivity: A milieu production function model. European Planning Studies, 7(6), 719-735. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09654319908720550

Carlsson, B., e Stankiewicz, R. (1991). On the nature, function and composition of technological systems. Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 1(2), 93-118. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01224915

Chaminade, C. (2011). Are knowledge bases enough? A comparative study of the geography of knowledge sources in China (Great Beijing) and India (Pune). European Planning Studies, 19(7), 1357-1373. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2011.573171

Chaminade, C., e Vang, J. (2008). Globalisation of knowledge production and regional innovation policy: Supporting specialized hubs in the Bangalore software industry. Research Policy, 37(10), 1684-1696. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2008.08.014

Cooke, P. (1992). Regional innovation systems: Competitive regulation in the new Europe. Geoforum, 23(3), 365-382. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7185(92)90048-9

Cooke, P. (1998). Introduction. Origins of the concept. En H. J. Braczyk, P. Cooke e M. Heidenreich (Eds.), Regional innovation systems: The role of governances in a globalized world (pp. 2-25). London, England: UCL Press. Recuperado de https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1497770

Cooke, P. (2001). Regional innovation systems, clusters, and the knowledge economy. Industrial and Corporate Change, 10(4), 945-974. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/icc/10.4.945

Cooke, P. (2002). Regional innovation systems: General findings and some new evidence from biotechnology clusters. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 27(1), 133-145. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1013160923450

Cooke, P. (2004). Integrating global knowledge flows for generative growth in Scotland: Life sciences as a knowledge economy exemplar. En J. Potter (Ed.): Global knowledge flows and economic development (pp. 7396). Paris, France. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264107687-en

Cooke, P., De Laurentis, C., Tödtling, F., e Trippl, M. (2007). Regional knowledge economies: Markets, clusters and innovation. Cheltenham, England: Edward Elgar. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1944-8287.2008.01009.x

Cooke, P., e Morgan, K. (1994). The regional innovation system in Baden-Wurttemberg. International Journal of Technology Management, 9(3-1), 394-429. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTM.1994.025582

Crevoisier, O. (2004). The innovative milieus approach: Toward a territorialized understanding of the economy? Economic Geography, 80(4), 367-379. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1944-8287.2004.tb00243.x

Doloreux, D. (2002). What we should know about regional systems of innovation. Technology in Society, 24(3), 243-263. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0160-791x(02)00007-6

Ebner, A. (2015). Editorial: Exploring regional varieties of capitalism. Regional Studies, 50(1), 3-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2015.1039227

Edquist, C. (1997). Systems of innovation: Technologies, institutions, and organizations. London, England: Printer/Castell Academic.

Fitjar, R. D., e Rodríguez-Pose, A. (2011). When local interaction does not suffice: Sources of firm innovation in urban Norway. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 43(6), 1248-1267. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1068/a43516

Freeman, C. (1995). The ‘national system of innovation’ in historical perspective. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 19(1), 5-24. Recuperado de http://www.forschungsnetzwerk.at/downloadpub/1995_Freeman_NSI_historial_perspective.pdf

Frenken, K., Van Oort, F., e Verburg, T. (2007). Related variety, unrelated variety and regional economic growth. Regional Studies, 41(5), 685-697. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00343400601120296

Fritsch, M. (2003). Does R&D-cooperation behavior differ between regions? Industry and Innovation, 10(1), 25-39. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1366271032000068087

Gertler, M. S. (2003). Tacit knowledge and the economic geography of context, or the undefinable tacitness of being (there). Journal of Economic Geography, 3(1), 75-99. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/3.1.75

Gertler, M. S. (2004): Manufacturing culture: The institutional geography of industrial practice. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.

Granovetter, M. (1973). The streangth of weak ties. The American Journal of Sociology, 78(6), 1360-1380. Granovetter, M. (2005). The impact of social structure on economic outcomes. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 19(1), 33-50. Recuperado de http://www.vwl.tuwien.ac.at/hanappi/AgeSo/rp/Granovetter_2005.pdf

Grillitsch, M., e Nilsson, M. (2015). Innovation in peripheral regions: Do collaborations compensate for a lack of local knowledge spillovers? The Annals of Regional Science, 54(1), 299-321. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00168-014-0655-8

Grillitsch, M., Tödtling, F., e Höglinger, C. (2013). Variety in knowledge sourcing, geography and innovation: Evidence from the ICT sector in Austria. Papers in Regional Science, 95(1), 25-43. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/pirs.12050

Grillitsch, M., e Trippl, M. (2014). Combining knowledge from different sources, channels and geographical scales. European Planning Studies, 22(11), 2305-2325. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2013.835793

Hassink, R. (2010). Locked in decline? On the role of regional lock-ins in old industrial areas. En R. Boschma e R. Martin (Eds.), The handbook of evolutionary economic geography (pp. 450-468). Cheltenham, England: Edward Elgar. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4337/9781849806497.00031

Hassink, R., e Shin, D.H. (2005). The restructuring of old industrial areas in Europe and Asia. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 37(4), 571-580. Recuperado de https://www.academia.edu/16343186/The_restructuring_of_old_industrial_areas_in_Europe_and_Asia

Herstad, S. J., Aslesen, H. W., e Ebersberger, B. (2014). On industrial knowledge bases, commercial opportunities and global innovation network linkages. Research Policy, 43(3), 495-504. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2013.08.003

Howells, J. (1999). Regional systems of innovation? En D. Archibugi, J. Howells e J. Michie (Eds.), Innovation policy in a global economy (pp. 67-92). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511599088.007

Isaksen, A. (2014). Industrial development in thin regions: Trapped in path extension? Journal of Economic Geography, 15(3), 585-600. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbu026

Isaksen, A. (2001). Building regional innovation systems: Is endogenous industrial development possible in the global economy? Canadian Jounal of Regional Science, 14(1), 101-120. Recuperado de http://www.cjrs-rcsr.org/archives/24-1/ISAKSEN.pdf

Isaksen, A., e Nilsson, M. (2013). Combined innovation policy: Linking scientific and practical knowledge in innovation systems. European Planning Studies, 21(12), 1919-1936. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2012.722966

Isaksen, A., e Trippl, M. (2014): Regional industrial path development in different regional innovation systems: A conceptual analysis. Papers in Innovation Studies, 2014/17. Lund, Sweden: Lund University, CIRCLE. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315671475

Jensen, M. B., Johnson, B., Lorenz, E., e Lundvall, B. Å. (2007). Forms of knowledge and modes of innovation. Research Policy, 36(5), 680-693.

Knoben, J., e Oerlemans, L.A.G. (2006). Proximity and inter-organizational collaboration: A literature review. International Journal of Management Reviews, 8(2), 71-89. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2370.2006.00121.x

Lundvall, B. Å. (1992): National systems of innovation: Towards a theory of innovation and interactive learning. London, England: Pinter.

Maillat, D. (1998). Interactions between urban systems and localized productive systems: An approach to endogenous regional developement in terms of innovative milieu. European Planning Studies, 6(2), 117-130. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09654319808720450

Malerba, F. (2002). Sectoral systems of innovation and production. Research Policy, 31(2), 247-264. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0048-7333(01)00139-1

Malerba, F. (2005). Sectoral systems: How and why innovation differs across sectors. En J. Fagerberg, D. C. Mowery e R. R. Nelson (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of innovation (pp. 380-406). Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199286805.003.0014

Malmberg, A., e Maskell, P. (1999). The competitiveness of firms and regions: 'Ubiquitification' and the importance of localized learning. European Urban and Regional Studies, 6(1), 9-25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/096977649900600102

Manniche, J. (2012). Combinatorial knowledge dynamics: On the usefulness of the differentiated knowledge bases model. European Planning Studies, 20(11), 1823-1841. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2012.723423

Markard, J., e Truffer, B. (2008). Technological innovation systems and the multi-level perspective: Towards an integrated framework. Research Policy, 37(4), 596-615. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2008.01.004

Marshall, A. (1920): Principles of economics: An introductory volume. London, England: Macmillan. Martin, R. (2012). Measuring knowledge bases in Swedish regions. European Planning Studies, 20(9), 1569-1582. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2012.708022

Martin, R. (2013). Differentiated knowledge bases and the nature of innovation networks. European Planning Studies, 21(9), 1418-1436. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2012.755836

Martin, R., e Moodysson, J. (2013). Comparing knowledge bases: On the geography and organization of knowledge sourcing in the regional innovation system of Scania, Sweden. European Urban and Regional Studies, 20(2), 170-187. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0969776411427326

Martin, R., Moodysson, J., e Zukauskaite, E. (2011). Regional innovation policy beyond ‘best practice’: Lessons from Sweden. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 2(4), 550-568. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-011-0067-2

Martin, R., e Trippl, M. (2014). System failures, knowledge bases and regional innovation policies. disP. The Planning Review, 50(1), 24-32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02513625.2014.926722

Maskell, P. (2001). Towards a knowledge-based theory of the geographical cluster. Industrial and Corporate Change, 10(4), 921-943. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/icc/10.4.921

Moodysson, J., Coenen, L., e Asheim, B.T. (2008). Explaining spatial patterns of innovation: analytical and synthetic modes of knowledge creation in the Medicon Valley life- science cluster. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 40(5), 1040-1056. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1068/a39110

Moulaert, F., e Sekia, F. (2003). Territorial innovation models: a critical survey. Regional Studies, 37(3), 289-302. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0034340032000065442

Mudambi, R., e Santangelo, G.D. (2015). From shallow resource pools to emerging clusters: The role of multinational enterprise subsidiaries in peripheral areas. Regional Studies, 50(12), 1965-1979. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2014.985199

Neffke, F., e Henning, M. (2013). Skill relatedness and firm diversification. Strategic Management Journal, 34(3), 297-316. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2014

Nelson, R. R. (1993): National innovation systems: A comparative analysis. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.

Piore, M. J., e Sabel, C.F. (1984): The second industrial divide: Possibilities for prosperity. New York, NY: Basic Books.

Plum, O., e Hassink, R. (2011). Comparing knowledge networking in different knowledge bases in Germany. Papers in Regional Science, 90(2), 355-371. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1435-5957.2011.00362.x

Plum, O., e Hassink, R. (2013). Analysing the knowledge base configuration that drives southwest Saxony’s automotive firms. European Urban and Regional Studies, 20(2), 206-226. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0969776412454127

Polanyi, M. (1958): Personal knowledge: Towards a post-critical philosophy. London, England: Routledge & Kegan Paul.

Porter, M. E. (1998). Clusters and the new economics of competition. Harvard Business Review, 76(6), 77-90. Recuperado de https://www.csus.edu/indiv/c/chalmersk/econ251fa12/clustersneweconofcompetition.pdf

Porter, M. E. (2000). Location, competition, and economic development: Local clusters in a global economy. Economic Development Quarterly, 14(1), 15-35. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/089124240001400105

Powell, W. W., Koput, K. W., e Smith-Doerr, L. (1996). Interorganizational collaboration and the locus of innovation: Networks of learning in biotechnology. Administrative Science Quarterly, 41(1), 116-145. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2393988

Putnam, R. D. (1995). Bowling alone: America's declining social capital. Journal of Democracy, 6(1), 65-78. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.1995.0002

Pyke, F., Becattini, G., e Sengenberger, W. (1990): Industrial districts and inter-firm co-operation in Italy. Geneva, Switzerland: International Institute for Labour Studies. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/002218569103300114

Radosevic, S. (2002). Regional innovation systems in Central and Eastern Europe: Determinants, organizers and alignments. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 27(1), 87-96. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1013152721632

Saxenian, A. (1994): Regional advantage: Culture and competition in Silicon Valley and Route 128. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Storper, M. (1995). The resurgence of regional economies, ten years later: The region as a nexus of untraded interdependencies. European Urban and Regional Studies, 2(3), 191-221. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/096977649500200301

Strambach, S., e Klement, B. (2012). Cumulative and combinatorial micro-dynamics of knowledge: The Role of space and place in knowledge integration. European Planning Studies, 20(11), 1843-1866. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2012.723424

Strambach, S., e Klement, B. (2013). Exploring plasticity in the development path of the automotive industry in Baden-Wurttemberg: The role of combinatorial knowledge dynamics. Zeitschrift Fur Wirtschaftsgeographie, 57(1-2), 67-82. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/zfw.2013.0006

Swann, P., e Prevezer, M. (1996). A comparison of the dynamics of industrial clustering in computing and biotechnology. Research Policy, 25(7), 1139-1157. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0048-7333(96)00897-9

Tödtling, F., Asheim, B. T., e Boschma, R. (2013). Knowledge sourcing, innovation and constructing advantage in regions of Europe. European Urban and Regional Studies, 20(2), 161-169. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0969776412457173

Tödtling, F., e Grillitsch, M. (2015). Does combinatorial knowledge lead to a better innovation performance of firms?. European Planning Studies, 23(9), 1741-1758. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2015.1056773

Tödtling, F., Grillitsch, M., e Höglinger, C. (2012). Knowledge sourcing and innovation in Austrian ICT CompaniesHow does geography matter? Industry and Innovation, 19(4), 327-348. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13662716.2012.694678

Tödtling, F., Lehner, P., e Trippl, M. (2006). Innovation in knowledge intensive industries: The nature and geography of knowledge links. European Planning Studies, 14(8), 1035-1058. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09654310600852365

Tödtling, F., Skokan, K., Höglinger, C., Rumpel, P., e Grillitsch, M. (2013). Innovation and knowledge sourcing of modern sectors in old industrial regions: Comparing software firms in Moravia-Silesia and Upper Austria. European Urban and Regional Studies, 20(2), 188-205. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0969776411428498

Tödtling, F., e Trippl, M. (2004). Like Phoenix from the Ashes? The renewal of clusters in old industrial areas. Urban Studies, 41(5-6), 1175-1195. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00420980410001675788

Tödtling, F., e Trippl, M. (2005). One size fits all? Towards a differentiated regional innovation policy approach. Research Policy, 34(8), 1203-1219. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2005.01.018

Tödtling, F., e Trippl, M. (2013). Transformation of regional innovation systems: From old legacies to new development paths. En P. Cooke (Ed.), Reframing regional development (pp. 297-317). London, England: Routledge.

Trippl, M., Asheim, B. T., e Miorner, J. (2015): Identification of regions with less developed research and innovation systems. Papers in Innovation Studies 2015/1. Lund, Sweden: Lund University, CIRCLE. Recuperado de DOI: https://ideas.repec.org/p/hhs/lucirc/2015_001.html

Trippl, M., Grillitsch, M., e Isaksen, A. (2015). External “energy” for regional industrial change? Attracting and anchoring of non-local knowledge for new path development. En 10th Regional Innovation Policies Conference. Karlsruhe (Germany), 15-16 October 2015. Karlsruhe, Germany: Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT).

Trippl, M., e Otto, A. (2009). How to turn the fate of old industrial areas: A comparison of cluster-based renewal processes in Styria and the Saarland. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 41(5), 1217-1233. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1068/a4129

Tukker, A., Charter, M., Vezzoli, C., Sto, E., e Andersen, M.M. (2007): System innovation for sustainability 1: Perspec-tives on radical changes to sustainable consumption and production.

Sheffield, England: Greenleaf. Weber, K.M., e Rohracher, H. (2012). Legitimizing research, technology and innovation policies for transformative change: Combining insights from innovation systems and multi-level perspective in a comprehensive ‘failures’ framework. Research Policy, 41(6), 1037-1047. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2011.10.015