Plataformas, política e cambio institucional: enmarcando un enfoque de gobernanza das ERT na economía dos pequenos encargos
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Nas ciencias sociais, o capitalismo de plataformas analízase cada vez máis a medida que as plataformas dixitais baseadas en aplicacións revolucionaron o intercambio global de bens e servizos, xerando desafíos multifacéticos dentro da sociedade, a economía e a política. A gobernanza de plataformas xorde a medida que se desenvolve este panorama cambiante, iluminando a intrincada interacción entre os marcos regulatorios nacionais e locais, así como as dinámicas de poder entre diversos actores. Este artigo proporciona un marco para examinar os desafíos políticos e de gobernanza que xurdiron na economía dos pequenos encargos xurdidos por mor da proliferación de plataformas de transporte como Uber, tamén coñecidas como Empresas de Redes de Transporte (ERT). Este artigo examina o marco da gobernanza de plataformas contribuíndo teoricamente ao poñer en diálogo unha literatura centrada principalmente no estudo das redes sociais con outra rama da sociedade de plataformas na que a disrupción tecnolóxica foi evidente, como o é o transporte e a mobilidade urbana. A análise céntrase en tres dimensións fundamentais da economía política: ideas, intereses e institucións. O artigo tamén contribúe revisando como estes tres enfoques operaron na literatura académica recente. Finalmente, o artigo subliña a necesidade de investigacións futuras que aborden esta complexidade desde un enfoque continxente para promover unha comprensión integral da regulación das plataformas.
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