Plataformas, política y cambio institucional: enmarcando un enfoque de gobernanza de las ERT en la economía de los pequeños encargos
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En las ciencias sociales, el capitalismo de plataformas se analiza cada vez más a medida que las plataformas digitales basadas en aplicaciones han revolucionado el intercambio global de bienes y servicios, generando desafíos multifacéticos dentro de la sociedad, la economía y la política. La gobernanza de plataformas surge a medida que se desarrolla este panorama cambiante, iluminando la intrincada interacción entre los marcos regulatorios nacionales y locales, así como las dinámicas de poder entre diversos actores. Este artículo proporciona un marco para examinar los desafíos políticos y de gobernanza que han surgido en la economía de los pequeños encargos surgidos a raíz de la proliferación de plataformas de transporte como Uber, también conocidas como Empresas de Redes de Transporte (ERT). Este artículo examina el marco de la gobernanza de plataformas contribuyendo teóricamente al poner en diálogo una literatura centrada principalmente en el estudio de las redes sociales con otra rama de la sociedad de plataformas en la que la disrupción tecnológica ha sido evidente, como lo es el transporte y la movilidad urbana. El análisis se centra en tres dimensiones fundamentales de la economía política: ideas, intereses e instituciones. El artículo también contribuye revisando cómo estos tres enfoques han operado en la literatura académica reciente. Finalmente, el artículo subraya la necesidad de investigaciones futuras que aborden esta complejidad desde un enfoque contingente para promover una comprensión integral de la regulación de las plataformas.
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