O NON CUMPRIMENTO DA LEI DE GIBRAT EN ECONOMÍAS EN DESENVOLVEMENTO: O CASO DE ECUADOR NO PERÍODO 2000-2013
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Resumo
Ecuador foi un dos países latinoamericanos que experimentou cambios
significativos no campo social e económico nas últimas décadas, converténdose nunha das
economías máis importantes da rexión. Por iso, resulta relevante coñecer as relacións
existentes entre o tamaño e a taxa de crecemento das empresas deste país. Este traballo
realiza a súa achega ao contrastar a lei de Gibrat cunha mostra de 25.179 empresas de
todos os sectores económicos para o período 2000-2013. Aplicamos o método
xeneralizado dos momentos en dous modelos de crecemento e utilízase como medida de
crecemento as vendas e o emprego. As descubertas obtidas indican que as taxas de
crecemento das empresas grandes son menores cás das pequenas. Ademais, a idade ten
unha relación non linear, xa que namentres que nos seus primeiros anos de vida a relación
é negativa, a determinada idade cambia a positiva. Esta investigación achega evidencias
para a orientación da política pública en países que se atopan en desenvolvemento.
Abstract: Ecuador is of the Latin American countries experiencing significant changes in
the social and economic field in recent decades, becoming one of the most important
economies in the region. Therefore, it is relevant to know the existing relationships
between the size and growth of companies in this country. This study accomplishes this by
contrasting Gibrat's law in a sample of 25,179 companies from all economic sectors for the
period 2000-2013. We apply the generalized method of moments in two growth models
and it is used as a measure of growth regarding both sales and employment. Findings
show that the growth rates of large companies are lower than those of small companies. In
addition, age has a non-linear relationship, while in the first years of life the relationship is
negative, at a certain age changes to positive. This research provides evidence for the
orientation of public policies in developing countries.
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