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Teresa Irene Rojas Flores
Universidad de La Habana
Cuba
Mª Jesús Aira
Departamento de Botánica, Facultade de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
Spain
Michel Almaguer Chaves
Universidad de La Habana
Cuba
Kenia Caridad Sánchez Espinosa
Universidade de Vigo
Spain
Vol. 32 (2025), Scientific popularization articles, pages 1-14
https://doi.org/10.15304/nacc.id10661
Submitted: 2025-05-04| Published: 2025-09-09

Abstract

Fungi, due to their physiological adaptability, can colonize multiple substrates and cause biodeterioration, particularly in indoor environments and tropical climates. In Havana buildings, high levels of fungal contamination were recorded, with a predominance of genera such as Cladosporium, Aspergillus, and Penicillium. Their diversity was linked to the materials present, being higher in structures containing cellulosic components. Several identified species can affect human health, which has prompted actions to improve air quality. In heritage sites, temperature and humidity favor sporulation, increasing deterioration risks. Strains capable of producing enzymes and pigments that impact cultural materials were detected, highlighting the importance of implementing preventive strategies. In rural areas, rice, an essential food in Cuba, is highly vulnerable to phytopathogenic fungi. Multiple species were identified, some of which produce mycotoxins, which compromises grain quality and pose health risks to the population. In urban environments, aeromycological monitoring revealed a high presence of spores, especially of Cladosporium. Spore concentrations varied seasonally, influenced by climatic factors. Mycotoxigenic species were also detected, which represents a significant risk for allergic or immunocompromised individuals.