Species of the genera Athallia, Blastenia, Calogaya, Caloplaca, Flavoplaca, Gyalolechia, Kuettlingeria, Pyrenodesmia, Rufoplaca, Sanguineodiscus, Variospora, and Xanthocarpia, of the family Teloschistaceae, formerly all belonging to the genus Caloplaca s.l, of aquatic environments with greater or lesser resistance to immersion, are studied. All of them with scarce presence in papers on this type of habitats.

We intend to better know its ecology by studying the enclosed species considered as indicative for the different zones of these environments.

The specimens were collected in beds and margins of rivers and streams, belonging to 41 localities of the Iberian Peninsula, 36 Spanish and 5 Portuguese. Twenty species were obtained in these environments, thirteen of which resist well the immersion, while seven are episodic or accidentally submerged. Pyrenodesmia micromontana and Xanthocarpia diffusa are new records for the Iberian Peninsula. A key of determination, based on morphological characteristics, is also proposed.

Lepidozia cupressina (Sw.) Lindenb. is a threatened bryophyte in the Iberian Peninsula, where it is listed as Endangered. Only three very small populations are known in the  northern extreme of the Peninsula, making this species more susceptible to local extinctions. Under these circumstances, we report a new locality in Galicia and provide data on its ecology and abundance.

Lamprodila (Palmar) festiva (Linnaeus, 1767) is reported for the first time in the Autonomous Community of Galicia, in northwestern Spain. A location map is provided along with some images of the individual.

El descenso de la similitud biótica con la distancia espacial (en inglés, distance-decay) es uno de los patrones universales en Ecología y Biogeografía. Este patrón surge porque cuanto más alejadas están dos comunidades biológicas, menor es el número de especies que tienen en común. Dicho descenso de la similitud con la distancia puede ajustarse mediante modelos estadísticos, que deben ser no lineales (p. ej. Modelos Lineales Generalizados, GLM, con función exponencial o power-law) y tener en cuenta la dependencia por pares de los datos a la hora de calcular la significación del modelo. La dependencia por pares es inherente a los modelos de distance-decay, ya que tanto los valores de similitud biótica como la distancia espacial entre comunidades involucran, para su cálculo, dos comunidades biológicas. Por tanto, una misma comunidad biológica está implicada en el cálculo de varios valores de similitud/distancia, dando lugar a una pseudorreplicación de los datos que viola una asunción básica de muchos tests estadísticos. Este aspecto es de máxima importancia ya que la correcta modelización del patrón de distance-decay es clave para poder inferir los procesos ecológicos, evolutivos o biogeográficos responsables del descenso en la similitud biótica con la distancia

Respiratory diseases have increased significantly in recent decades, affecting an estimated 20-25% of the population. Popularly known as hay fever. These conditions vary in severity depending on the amount and type of pollen in the air. However, the predisposition to allergies results from a complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors, eliciting a specific response in each individual. These diseases represent a global public health problem due to their high prevalence, their impact on the quality of life of affected individuals, and the significant economic burden they impose on healthcare services. For decades, atmospheric pollen monitoring stations have been implemented worldwide, serving as valuable tools for monitoring, understanding, and predicting pollen levels in the environment. This contributes to protecting public health and improving the quality of life for allergic individuals. This outreach article provides a synthesis of current knowledge on this aspect in Galicia, provides digital links for real-time atmospheric pollen data search, and mentions the most suitable recommendations for allergic individuals.

This paper points out for first time the presence of two interesting Mediterranean species of the genus Ophrys in Galicia: Ophrys lutea (Gouan) Cav. and Ophrys tenthredinifera Willd. In addition, all existing information from different sources (GBIF, ANTHOS, iNaturalist, AFLIBER) on the distribution of these species is brought together to highlight the particular interest of these new localities.