Abstract

William H. McNeill initiated the debate on the rise of the West, which engendered a wide range of studies from different disciplines and perspectives. Among these approaches are institutional explanations. However, these contributions overlook the role of the territorial State. For this reason, this paper aims to clarify how this form of State influenced the triumph of western civilization. In this regard, this article approaches the topic from a geopolitical standpoint. It begins with setting out the most prominent theories of the origin of the State and continues by discussing the analytical framework. The paper's core argument is that the territorial State introduced a critical shift in the organization of the space, which entailed the strengthening of its internal capabilities to mobilize and extract resources. In this way, the territorial State boosted military spending, which led to military revolutions. As a result, western powers attained strategic superiority over the Chinese and Ottoman empires. These empires were unable to gather enough resources to catch up with the European States due to how they organized space.