El papel del Estado territorial en el auge de Occidente: una aproximación geopolítica
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William H. McNeill inició el debate sobre el auge de Occidente, lo que originó una variada cantidad de estudios desde diferentes disciplinas y perspectivas. Entre estos enfoques se encuentran las explicaciones institucionales. Sin embargo, estas contribuciones pasan por alto el papel del Estado territorial. Por ello, este artículo pretende aclarar cómo influyó esta forma de Estado en el triunfo de la civilización occidental. En este sentido este artículo aborda el tema desde un punto de vista geopolítico. Comienza exponiendo las teorías más destacadas sobre el origen del Estado y continúa con la discusión del marco de análisis. El argumento central del artículo es que el Estado territorial introdujo un cambio decisivo en la organización del espacio que supuso el fortalecimiento de sus capacidades internas para movilizar y extraer recursos. De este modo, el Estado territorial impulsó el gasto militar, lo que dio lugar a revoluciones militares. Como resultado de esto las potencias occidentales alcanzaron una superioridad estratégica sobre los imperios chino y otomano. Estos imperios no pudieron reunir los recursos suficientes para alcanzar a los Estados europeos debido a su modo de organizar el espacio.
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