Abstract

Criticism of the evidentiary technique employed to substantiate mental illness as a ground for criminal non-accountability has been raised, albeit sporadically, from the perspectives of psychiatry and a recognised sector of criminal law doctrine. Both extra-procedural and intra-procedural factors have contributed to the establishment of a regulatory framework characterised by obstructing the relationship between mentally ill individuals and the criminal justice system, resulting in high rates of false negatives (deemed non-accountable) and false positives (deemed dangerous). In a commendable effort to address some of these shortcomings by altering the material burden of proof, the Supreme Court has amended its jurisprudence to acknowledge the extension of the right to the presumption of innocence to encompass culpability. Accordingly, this study examines the challenges surrounding psychiatric expert evidence and seeks to address the following question: Is the mentally ill individual declared non-accountable constitutionally “innocent”?