La imposibilidad de un juez. Realismo jurídico, inteligencia artificial y la búsqueda de un justo medio

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Publicado: 10-11-2023

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Dyango Bonsignore Fouquet
Universidad de Alicante
España
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4282-8995
Biografía
Vol. 44 Núm. Ext. (2023): Inteligencia artificial y sistema penal, Artículos doctrinales, Páginas 1-31
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15304/epc.44.8906
Recibido: 02-12-2022 Aceptado: 18-01-2023 Publicado: 10-11-2023
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Resumen

Este artículo contrasta dos líneas teóricas que han tendido a tensionar la labor judicial desde puntos de vista que, tal vez, cabría considerar contrapuestos. Por un lado, se recupera la clásica crítica del “realismo jurídico” que cuestiona la capacidad del juez para decidir con arreglo a las exigencias del ordenamiento jurídico. Aquí, el problema estriba en el carácter excesivamente “humano” del juzgador. Por otro lado, se da voz a la protesta inversa, surgida del debate en torno a las posibilidades de una inteligencia artificial judicial. En este contexto, las opiniones críticas han tendido a plantear que los algoritmos carecen de ciertas cualidades (estructurales y funcionales, pero también “sociológicas”) que imposibilitan la plena sustitución del juzgador humano. La “artificialidad” de la inteligencia es ahora el problema. Se reúnen ambas perspectivas con el propósito de determinar si, entre las presiones por la “abstracción” y la “humanización”, queda espacio alguno para un juez.

Palabras clave:

Inteligencia artificial, Derecho penal, IA judicial, realismo jurídico, justicia algorítmica
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