Main Article Content

Virxilio Rodríguez Vázquez
Universidade de Vigo
Spain
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0240-2631
Biography
Vol. 48 No. Ext. (2025): Criminalidad medioambiental, Articles, pages 1-31
https://doi.org/10.15304/epc.48.10788
Submitted: 2025-07-09| Published: 2026-01-27

Abstract

Spanish criminal law has not autonomously incorporated the offence of ship-source pollution as required by Directives 2005/35/EC and 2009/123/EC, which, from a legal standpoint, constitutes a breach of the transposition obligation imposed by European Union law. Although Article 325 of the Spanish Criminal Code addresses the protection of water within the general category of environmental crimes, this provision does not satisfy the EU requirement to establish a distinct criminal offence. The recent Directive (EU) 2024/1203 upholds this obligation by requiring, alongside the general environmental crime, the separate criminalisation of ship-source pollution. The new transposition deadline, which expires on 21 May 2026, offers Spain a renewed opportunity to fulfil its duty and align its criminal legislation with the requirements of EU law.