Bukele versus el parlamento salvadoreño: transferencia monetaria por COVID-19 y su impacto en la confianza
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Este artículo mide los efectos de una transferencia monetaria incondicional en la confianza de los ciudadanos por parte del presidente y el parlamento salvadoreños durante la crisis de COVID-19. Según el conocimiento del autor, este es el primer estudio que examina explícitamente la confianza en los poderes legislativo y ejecutivo simultáneamente durante la crisis de COVID-19. Comprender la confianza pública en las instituciones gubernamentales es crucial para implementar políticas de emergencia efectivas, ya que niveles altos de confianza pueden conducir a mayor cumplimiento voluntario de leyes y regulaciones de salud pública. El estudio utiliza una muestra probabilística a nivel nacional, recogida en abril de 2020, analizando 1,222 encuestados y empleando un método de emparejamiento Mahalanobis cuasi-experimental para evaluar el impacto de la transferencia monetaria en los niveles de confianza. Los resultados revelan un efecto positivo significativo entre transferencia y confianza en el presidente, indicando que las políticas de emergencia pueden mejorar la confianza pública. En cambio, la transferencia monetaria no muestra un efecto significativo en la confianza en el parlamento, lo que puede atribuirse a tensiones políticas entre el ejecutivo y el parlamento, gobernanza populista y un enfoque clientelista en el contexto de las elecciones de 2021. Estos hallazgos subrayan la importancia de examinar diferentes ramas del gobierno al evaluar la confianza pública y abogan por una agenda de investigación que incluya ramas gubernamentales y entidades privadas relevantes.
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