Maritime Transport Productivity between China and Latin America: A Metafrontier Analysis, 2010–2021

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Published: 2026-05-13

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Adrian Alonzo Pedraza Aquije
Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas
Peru
https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6605-9714
Víctor Ballena Domínguez
Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas
Peru
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2624-0785
Diego Sande Veiga
Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
Spain
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0284-8884
Vol. 35 No. 1 (2026), Articles
https://doi.org/10.15304/rge.35.1.10988
Submitted: 2025-10-16 Published: 2026-05-13
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Abstract

This study analyzes maritime transport productivity in trade between China and Latin America and the Caribbean, considering technological differences among countries. The DEA-Malmquist model is applied within a metafrontier framework to estimate productivity scores, complemented by a Prais–Winsten model to identify the factors explaining productivity variations. The results reveal that southern countries face less favorable technological conditions compared to those in the north and central regions, although both groups exhibit a gradual convergence toward the metafrontier of efficiency. Research and development capacity, industrial activity, and private sector participation have a positive effect on productivity, while structural changes show adverse impacts. The study concludes that enhancing port competitiveness through technological innovation, workforce training, and increased R&D investment is essential to strengthen Latin America’s integration into global value chains and expand its participation in international trade.

Keywords:

Productivity, Maritime transport, Metafrontier, Latin America and the Caribbean, China

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